Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Jul 26;272(6):961–972. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003506

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

PMC Copyright notice

Effect of perioperative music on postoperative opioid requirement. Forest plot presenting the effect of perioperative music on postoperative opioid requirement (milligrams of morphine equianalgesics). CI indicates confidence interval; Mean, mean milligrams of morphine equianalgesics; N, total number of patients in study; N_C, number of patients in the control group; N_M, number of patients in the music group; PACU, post-anesthesia care unit; SD, standard deviation in milligrams of morphine equianalgesics; SMD, standardized mean difference.