Table 4.
Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression of knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Dessie and Kombolcha city administrations, North-East Ethiopia, 2020 (n=828)
| Variables | Knowledge level, n (%) | Crude OR (COR) | Adjusted OR (AOR) | |||
| Inadequate | Adequate | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 156 (49.2) | 161 (50.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 292 (57.1) | 219 (42.9) | 1.4 | 1.04 to 1.82* | 1.4 | 1.03 to 1.92* |
| Age, years | ||||||
| 18–35 | 215 (50.9) | 207 (49.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 36–64 | 185 (54.3) | 156 (45.7) | 1.1 | 0.86 to 1.52 | 1.1 | 0.83 to 1.57 |
| ≥65 | 48 (73.8) | 17 (26.2) | 2.7 | 1.51 to 4.88* | 2.7 | 1.45 to 5.11* |
| Place of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 333 (49.6) | 339 (50.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 115 (73.7) | 41 (26.3) | 2.9 | 1.94 to 4.21* | 2.7 | 1.78 to 4.07* |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 92 (55.1) | 75 (44.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Married | 307 (53.3) | 269 (46.7) | 0.9 | 0.66 to 1.32 | – | – |
| Divorced | 27 (57.4) | 20 (42.6) | 1.1 | 0.57 to 2.12 | – | – |
| Widowed | 22 (57.9) | 16 (42.1) | 1.1 | 0.55 to 2.29 | – | – |
| Education level | ||||||
| Unable to read and write | 94 (61.4) | 59 (38.6) | 2.5 | 1.64 to 3.75* | 1.6 | 1.02 to 2.51* |
| Able to read and write with informal education | 46 (70.8) | 19 (29.2) | 3.8 | 2.09 to 6.81* | 2.3 | 1.22 to 4.30* |
| Primary school (grade 1–8) | 98 (62.0) | 60 (38.0) | 2.5 | 1.69 to 3.83* | 1.7 | 1.08 to 2.60* |
| Secondary school (grade 9–12) | 113 (55.4) | 91 (44.6) | 1.9 | 1.33 to 2.82* | 1.5 | 1.01 to 2.24* |
| Above 12 grade (university/college/TVET) | 97 (39.1) | 151 (60.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Main occupation | ||||||
| Housewife | 142 (57.7) | 104 (42.3) | 1.4 | 0.76 to 2.44 | 0.7 | 0.38 to 1.44 |
| Merchant | 84 (50.0) | 84 (50.0) | 1 | 0.55 to 1.83 | 0.7 | 0.38 to 1.44 |
| Farmer | 24 (64.9) | 13 (35.1) | 1.9 | 0.79 to 4.34 | 0.7 | 0.25 to 1.83 |
| Government employee | 83 (47.2) | 93 (52.8) | 0.9 | 0.49 to 1.63 | 1 | 0.50 to 1.95 |
| NGO employee | 31 (49.2) | 32 (50.8) | 1 | 0.47 to 1.99 | 0.9 | 0.40 to 1.92 |
| Labourer | 56 (68.3) | 26 (31.7) | 2.2 | 1.07,4.34* | 1.4 | 0.63 to 2.96 |
| Student | 28 (50.0) | 28 (50.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Family size | ||||||
| 1–3 | 137 (54.6) | 114 (45.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4–6 | 255 (53.6) | 221 (46.4) | 1 | 0.71 to 1.31 | – | – |
| >6 | 56 (55.4) | 45 (44.6) | 1 | 0.65 to 1.65 | – | – |
| Type of water sources | ||||||
| Piped water in the dwelling | 64 (47.1) | 72 (52.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Piped water in the yard | 307 (52.5) | 278 (47.5) | 1.2 | 0.86 to 1.81 | 1.1 | 0.72 to 1.62 |
| Communal ‘Bono’ | 53 (67.9) | 25 (32.1) | 2.4 | 1.33 to 4.27* | 1.1 | 0.54 to 2.17 |
| Spring (any type: protected or unprotected) | 24 (82.8 | 5 (17.2) | 5.4 | 1.95 to 14.99* | 2.6 | 0.77 to 8.67 |
| Amount of water in litre/capita/day | ||||||
| No access (<20 L/C/D) | 324 (55.5) | 260 (44.5) | 1.2 | 0.89 to 1.63 | – | – |
| Basic access (>=20 L/C/D) | 124 (50.8) | 120 (49.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Time to take/fetch water in minutes | ||||||
| ≤30 min (1 km round trip) | 419 (53.1) | 370 (46.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| >30 min (>1 km round trip) | 29 (74.4) | 10 (25.6) | 2.6 | 1.23 to 5.33* | 0.7 | 0.25 to 1.92 |
| Functional TV/radio in the household | ||||||
| No | 73 (67.6) | 35 (32.4) | 1.9 | 1.25 to 2.95* | 1 | 0.58 to 1.62 |
| Yes | 375 (52.1) | 345 (47.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Functional cellphone in the household | ||||||
| No | 31 (66.0) | 16 (34.0) | 1.7 | 0.91 to 3.14* | 1 | 0.47 to 1.95 |
| Yes | 417 (53.4) | 364 (46.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| COVID-19 information heard from family members | ||||||
| No | 376 (53.1) | 332 (46.9) | 0.8 | 0.51 to 1.12* | 0.8 | 0.50 to 1.28 |
| Yes | 72 (60.0) | 48 (40.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| COVID-19 information heard from healthcare workers | ||||||
| No | 355 (57.5) | 262 (42.5) | 1.7 | 1.25 to 2.36* | 2 | 1.35 to 2.82* |
| Yes | 93 (44.1) | 118 (55.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| COVID-19 information heard from mass media (TV,… | ||||||
| No | 79 (71.2) | 32 (28.8) | 2.3 | 1.51 to 3.60* | 2.6 | 1.58 to 4.19* |
| Yes | 369 (51.5) | 348 (4835) | 1 | 1 | ||
| COVID-19 information heard from social media (FB, … | ||||||
| No | 414 (57.6) | 305 (42.4) | 3 | 1.95 to 4.61* | 2.1 | 1.33 to 3.42* |
| Yes | 34 (36.2) | 75 (68.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| COVID-19 information heard from religious leaders | ||||||
| No | 428 (55.8) | 339 (44.2) | 2.6 | 1.49 to 4.50* | 1.2 | 0.60 to 2.28 |
| Yes | 20 (32.8) | 41 (67.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
*For p<0.20 at bivariate analysis; *and bold for p<0.05 at multivariable analysis.