Table 3.

The means and SD of the dependent variables

	Mean	SD	Observed range	Gold standard range
RA	1.76	0.74	0.86–4.88	1.00–5.00
RC	3.40	0.89	1.29–5.00	1.00–5.00
RO	3.18	0.94	1.00–5.00	1.00–5.00
JS	3.80	0.47	1.60–4.75	1.00–5.00

JS, job satisfaction; RA, role ambiguity; RC, role conflict; RO, role overload.