Table 1:
Child, Parents and Household Characteristics, Descriptive Statistics
| Variables | All Children | Ages 6 to 17 | Ages 6 to 14a | Range | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||
| Female child | .49 | .50 | .49 | .50 | .50 | .50 | 0 – 1 |
| Under age 6 | .32 | .47 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 0 – 1 |
| Ages 6 to 8 | .16 | .37 | .24 | .43 | .26 | .44 | 0 – 1 |
| Ages 9 to 11 | .16 | .37 | .24 | .42 | .34 | .47 | 0 – 1 |
| Ages 12 to 14 | .18 | .38 | .26 | .44 | .40 | .49 | 0 – 1 |
| Ages 15 to 17 | .18 | .38 | .26 | .44 | -- | -- | 0 – 1 |
| Child attending school | -- | -- | .87 | .33 | 1.00 | .00 | 0 – 1 |
| Actual minus expected grade | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.98 | 1.75 | −8 – 12 |
| Child literacy | -- | -- | .73 | .44 | -- | -- | 0 – 1 |
| Nuclear household | .61 | .49 | .63 | .48 | .63 | .48 | 0 – 1 |
| Multigenerational household | .23 | .42 | .22 | .41 | .22 | .41 | 0 – 1 |
| Two co-resident parents | .84 | .37 | .81 | .39 | .82 | .38 | 0 – 1 |
| Only one co-resident parent | .11 | .31 | .13 | .33 | .12 | .32 | 0 – 1 |
| Co-resident mother: Literate | .64 | .48 | .63 | .48 | .65 | .48 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in farming, hunting or fishing | .38 | .49 | .40 | .49 | .40 | .49 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in crafts | .11 | .32 | .12 | .32 | .13 | .33 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in industry | .04 | .19 | .03 | .17 | .03 | .17 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in service sector | .18 | .38 | .18 | .38 | .18 | .39 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in civil service | .02 | .13 | .02 | .13 | .02 | .14 | 0 – 1 |
| Co-resident mother employed in farming, hunting or fishing, or in crafts and who is: Owner | .36 | .48 | .38 | .49 | .39 | .49 | 0 – 1 |
| User for free | .02 | .13 | .02 | .12 | .02 | .12 | 0 – 1 |
| User for fee/rent | .06 | .23 | .06 | .23 | .06 | .24 | 0 – 1 |
| Paid laborer | .06 | .24 | .06 | .24 | .06 | .24 | 0 – 1 |
| Co-resident father: Literate | .69 | .46 | .66 | .47 | .69 | .46 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in farming, hunting or fishing | .45 | .50 | .45 | .50 | .45 | .50 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in crafts | .03 | .18 | .03 | .16 | .03 | .18 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in industry | .05 | .21 | .04 | .19 | .04 | .19 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in services | .21 | .10 | .18 | .39 | .19 | .39 | 0 – 1 |
| Employed in civil service | .09 | .29 | .09 | .29 | .10 | .30 | 0 – 1 |
| Co-resident father employed in farming, hunting, fishing, or in crafts and who is: Owner | .38 | .48 | .38 | .49 | .39 | .49 | 0 – 1 |
| User for free | .02 | .13 | .01 | .11 | .01 | .11 | 0 – 1 |
| User for fee/rent | .07 | .25 | .07 | .25 | .07 | .25 | 0 – 1 |
| Paid laborer | .03 | .16 | .02 | .14 | .02 | .14 | 0 – 1 |
| N | 22,032 | 15,010 | 9,491 | ||||
Source: Authors’ calculations
Note:
a
School-Attending children only