. 2020 Nov 16;15(11):e0241626. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241626

Table 3. Results of the multivariate analyses for the risk factors associated with disease progression (i.e., a ≥30% estimated glomerular filtration rate decline or end-stage renal disease) according to sex or VFA category.

Variables	VFA <100 cm² for the V/S ratio (n = 71)		VFA <100 cm² for VFA (n = 71)		VFA ≥100 cm² (n = 129)		Men (n = 107)		Women (n = 93)
	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-Value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-Value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-Value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-Value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P- Value
Age (1-year increase)	0.95 (0.91–1.00)	0.0370	0.98 (0.94–1.02)	0.3149	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	0.4369	0.98 (0.94–1.02)	0.1874	0.98 (0.95–1.02)	0.3071
Men (vs. women)	0.60 (0.16–2.26)	0.4270	0.64 (0.16–2.57)	0.5159	0.93 (0.46–1.87)	0.8462	-	-	-	-
eGFR (10-mL/min/1.73 m² increase)	0.41 (0.28–0.60)	<0.0001	0.50 (0.37–0.68)	<0.0001	0.69 (0.60–0.80)	<0.0001	0.64 (0.52–0.77)	<0.0001	0.62 (0.51–0.75)	<0.0001
PP (10-mmHg increase)	18.65 (3.24–107.24)	0.0008	8.85 (1.75–44.81)	0.0069	3.08 (1.76–5.41)	<0.0001	3.62 (2.00–6.28)	<0.0001	2.12 (0.62–7.42)	0.2313
UACR (10-mg/g Cre increase)	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	<0.0001	1.04 (1.02–1.05)	<0.0001	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.0133	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.0295	1.01 (1.00–1.02)	0.0421
VFA (10-cm² increase)	-	-	0.92 (0.75–1.13)	0.4288	-	-	-	-	-	-
V/S ratio	6.42 (2.39–17.25)	0.0023	-	-	1.00 (0.51–1.96)	0.9970	1.10 (0.57–2.06)	0.7636	2.40 (1.02–4.57)	0.0457

Variables with P-INT <0.05 in Table 2, as well as the V/S ratio, VFA (10-cm² increase), age, sex, and eGFR, were included in the multivariate models. Abbreviations: n, number; CI, confidence interval; P, calculated probability; VFA, visceral fat area; vs., versus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; PP, pulse pressure; UACR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; V/S ratio, visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio; Cre, creatine.