Table 4. Preliminary criteria for defining cases of “multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents temporally related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),” according to the World Health Organization. ⁴³ .

Children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years with fever for 3 days or longer

AND Elevated inflammatory markers, such as ESR, CRP, or procalcitonin

AND No other cause for microbial inflammation, including bacterial sepsis and staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndromes

AND Evidence of COVID-19 (RT-PCR, antigen test, or positive serology) or likely contact with a COVID-19 patient

AND two of the following criteria: 1. rash, bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, or signs of mucocutaneous inflammation (oral, hands, or feet); 2. hypotension or shock; 3. characteristics of myocardial dysfunction, pericarditis, valvulitis, or coronary abnormalities (including echocardiogram findings or elevated troponin/pro-brain natriuretic peptide); 4. evidence of coagulopathy; 5. acute gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain).

ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.