. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 13.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 13;81(6):20m13244. doi: 10.4088/JCP.20m13244

Table 3:

Comparison of New Trials of Adequate Dose and Duration Evidence-Based Medications for PTSD, with and without aligned PCL Measurement, including start dates from October 1, 2016 through March 7, 2018

	Trials without PCL Measurement (n=38,089)	Trials with PCL Measurement (n=834)
Concurrent Treatment
Any PE, % (n)^***	0.8 (319)	8.2 (68)
Sessions of PE, M (SD)^*	3.6 (2.8)	4.5 (3.1)
Any Individual CPT, % (n)^***	2.7 (1,018)	29.6 (247)
Sessions of Individual CPT, M (SD)^***	3.6 (2.9)	5.2 (3.3)
Any Group CPT, % (n)^***	1.1 (421)	8.4 (70)
Sessions of Group CPT, M (SD)^*	4.6 (4.3)	5.8 (4.2)
Any Non-PE/CPT Individual Therapy, % (n)^***	32.2 (12,264)	62.2 (519)
Any Non-CPT Group Therapy, % (n)^***	15.2 (5,792)	30.9 (258)
Any Non-F/S/P/V Antidepressant, % (n)^*	51.9 (19,749)	56.0 (467)
Any Non-Topiramate Anticonvulsant, % (n)	28.7 (10,924)	27.2 (227)
Any Sedative/Hypnotics, % (n)^***	21.9 (8,334)	16.1 (134)
Any Opioid, % (n)^***	13.5 (5,149)	9.0 (75)
Any Atypical Antipsychotic, % (n)	16.8 (6,380)	15.2 (127)
Any Prazosin, % (n)^***	29.3 (11,143)	40.5 (338)
Any Naltrexone or Acamprosate, % (n)^**	2.9 (1,097)	4.8 (40)
Any Opioid Replacement Therapy, % (n)	1.3 (483)	1.3 (11)
Primary Prescribing Clinician Characteristics
Age, M (SD)^**	51.0 (12.1)	49.6 (12.3)
Women, % (n)	37.9 (14,449)	37.1 (309)
Psychiatrist, % (n)^*	40.9 (15,588)	45.2 (377)
Other Physician, % (n)^***	31.8 (12,103)	22.2 (185)
Physician Assistant, % (n)	4.3 (1,651)	4.9 (41)
Nurse Practitioner, % (n)	18.0 (6,858)	18.6 (155)
Pharmacist, % (n)^***	2.9 (1,120)	8.6 (72)
Percentage of Time Seeing PTSD Patients in Various Settings
PTSD Service Section (PCT or residential), M (SD)^***	5.7 (19.7)	9.4 (24.1)
Substance Abuse Service Section, M (SD)	2.5 (11.4)	2.1 (9.0)
General Mental Health Service Section, M (SD)^***	76.7 (39.7)	82.7 (34.3)
Integrated Care Service Section, M (SD)^***	5.6 (17.3)	8.1 (21.1)
Primary Care Service Section, M (SD)^***	18.3 (37.3)	12.0 (31.1)
Patient Characteristics at Baseline
Age, M (SD)^***	46.5 (14.6)	40.9 (11.1)
Women, % (n)	16.9 (6,434)	16.1 (134)
Married, % (n)	54.9 (20,925)	55.8 (465)
Rural, % (n)	33.6 (12,789)	33.0 (275)
White Non-Hispanic, % (n)	63.2 (24,079)	60.8 (507)
Black Non-Hispanic, % (n)	20.6 (7,835)	18.1 (151)
Hispanic, % (n)^***	9.2 (3,491)	13.3 (111)
OEF/OIF/OND Veteran, % (n)^***	48.7 (18,533)	68.9 (575)
Vietnam Veteran, % (n)^***	11.9 (4,535)	4.0 (33)
Combat Exposure, % (n)^***	42.2 (16,069)	49.9 (416)
Sexual Trauma while in Military, % (n)	14.9 (5,688)	15.1 (126)
VA Disability Level 70% or Greater, % (n)	49.7 (18,933)	50.8 (424)
Service Use Characteristics in the 1 Year Preceding Baseline
Any PTSD Outpatient Clinical Team Visits, % (n)^***	19.1 (7,260)	33.7 (281)
Number of PTSD Outpatient Clinical Team Visits, M (SD)	9.6 (15.7)	9.6 (11.2)
Any Outpatient Mental Health Visits, % (n)	88.3 (33,612)	88.1 (735)
Number of Outpatient Mental Health Visits, M (SD)^***	20.6 (42.1)	26.9 (45.5)
Any Outpatient Substance Abuse Visits, % (n)^***	11.0 (4,205)	15.4 (128)
Number of Outpatient Substance Abuse Visits, M (SD)	22.9 (37.7)	21.9 (42.7)
Any Outpatient Primary Care Visits, % (n)^***	87.9 (33,495)	82.1 (685)
Number of Outpatient Primary Care Visits, M (SD)^***	7.1 (7.8)	6.0 (5.9)
Any ED Visits for Psychiatric Indication, % (n)	13.1 (4,979)	13.2 (110)
Number of ED Visit for Psychiatric Indication, M (SD)	2.1 (2.2)	1.8 (1.6)
Any Acute Inpatient Mental Health Treatment, % (n)^**	8.6 (3,257)	11.3 (94)
Days of Acute Inpatient Mental Health, M (SD)	16.1 (24.8)	17.8 (23.3)
Any Residential PTSD Treatment, % (n)^***	1.0 (364)	2.9 (24)
Days Residential PTSD Treatment, M (SD)	44.8 (40.7)	28.8 (21.0)
Any Residential Substance Abuse Treatment, % (n)	1.9 (728)	2.5 (21)
Days Residential Substance Abuse Treatment, M (SD)	43.2 (43.3)	39.3 (33.6)
Any Integrated Care Visits, % (n)^***	26.5 (10,110)	35.3 (294)
Days Integrated Care Visits, M (SD)	3.9 (7.9)	3.1 (4.3)
Any Neurology Visits, % (n)	12.1 (4,596)	10.1 (84)
Days Neurology Visits, M (SD)	2.4 (2.3)	2.3 (1.8)
Any Sleep Clinic Visits, % (n)	14.7 (5,597)	14.6 (122)
Days Sleep Clinic Visits, M (SD)	2.2 (1.6)	2.3 (1.8)
Any Polytrauma TBI Specialty Clinic Visits, % (n)^***	6.3 (2,379)	11.5 (96)
Days Polytrauma TBI Specialty Clinic Visits, M (SD)	4.7 (13.7)	3.3 (4.7)
Comorbidities in the 2 Years Preceding Baseline
Pain Disorder, % (n)	80.7 (30,749)	80.9 (675)
Headache Disorder, % (n)^***	31.4 (11,974)	36.9 (308)
Psychotic Disorders, % (n)^***	3.8 (1,449)	1.6 (13)
Bipolar Mood Disorders, % (n)^*	8.2 (3,103)	6.0 (50)
Depressive Mood Disorders, % (n)^***	73.0 (27,802)	80.8 (674)
Anxiety Disorders, %(n)	46.8 (17,840)	50.0 (417)
Traumatic Brain Injury, % (n)^***	8.6 (3,267)	14.8 (123)
Alcohol Use Disorders, % (n)^***	27.6 (10,522)	33.3 (278)
Opioid Use Disorders, % (n)^*	5.7 (2,176)	7.3 (61)
Other Substance Use Disorders, % (n)^***	16.6 (6,337)	21.0 (175)

p<0.05,

^**

p<0.01,

^***

p<0.001

Abbreivations. PTSD=posttraumatic stress disorder, PCL=PTSD Checklist, FY=Fiscal Year, PE=Prolonged Exposure, CPT=Cognitive Processing Therapy, F/S/P/V=Fluoxetine/Sertraline/Paroxetine/Venlafaxine, PCT=PTSD Care Team, OEF/OIF/OND=Operations Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom/New Dawn, VA=Department of Veterans Affairs.