Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.
| Parameters | Group 1 without HF (n = 20) Me (25, 75) | Group 2 HFpEF (n = 29) Me (25, 75) | Group 3 HFmrEF (n = 13) Me (25, 75) | p for groups 1, 2, and 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 57 (52, 60) | 61 (57, 66) | 59 (54, 62) | 0.44 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 13 (65) | 15 (51.7) | 7 (53.9) | 0.74 |
| Duration of CHF, years | — | 9 (6, 13) | 8 (5, 11) | 0.68 |
| CAD, n (%) | — | 20 (68.9) | 11 (84.6) | 0.71 |
| MI, n (%) | — | 15 (51.7) | 7 (63.6) | 0.85 |
| CABG/PCI, n (%) | — | 14 (48.2) | 7 (63.6) | 0.22 |
| Stable angina II, n (%) | — | 11 (37.9) | 6 (46.1) | 0.62 |
| Duration of hypertension, years | 14 (9, 18) | 18 (13, 22) | 16 (11; 19) | 0.19 |
| SBP, mmHg | 130 (115, 140) | 140 (110, 155) | 130 (110, 145) | 0.76 |
| DBP, mmHg | 85 (75, 90) | 80 (65, 90) | 75 (60, 85) | 0.62 |
| Heart rate, b/min | 77 (68, 90) | 70 (62, 78) | 68 (63, 74) | 0.29 |
| Atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal form, n (%) | — | 5 (17.2) | 2 (15,3) | 0.31 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 10 (6, 13) | 12 (9, 16) | 13 (5, 17) | 0.14 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.8 (30.2, 34.9) | 32.3 (28.7, 36.8) | 34.7 (31.7, 37.8) | 0.38 |
| Overweight, n (%) | 3 (15) | 7 (24.1) | 2 (15.4) | 0.67 |
| Obesity I degree, n (%) | 12 (60) | 17 (58.6) | 7 (53.8) | 0.9 |
| Obesity II degree, n (%) | 5 (25) | 5 (17.3) | 4 (30.8) | 0.59 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 10 (50) | 13 (44.8) | 6 (46.1) | 0.76 |
| Hemoglobin, g/l | 144 (128, 157) | 140 (125, 159) | 138 (120, 151) | 0.53 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.3 (7.7, 9.3) | 8.5 (7.9, 9.7) | 8.8 (8.4, 9.9) | 0.49 |
| GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2, | 98 (82, 109) | 93 (74, 105) | 86 (68, 96) | 0.52 |
| LDL, mmol/l | 2.7 (2.0, 3.7) | 2.1 (1.3, 3.3) | 1.9 (1.1, 2.8) | 0.65 |
| HDL, mmol/l | 1.15 (0.87, 1.28) | 1.12 (0.91, 1.35) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.33) | 0.63 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 2.4 (1.8, 3.2) | 2.2 (1.7, 2.9) | 2.6 (2.1, 3.3) | 0.19 |
| ACEi/ARA, n (%) | 16 (80) | 26 (89.6) | 10 (76.9) | 0.26 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | — | 22 (75.8) | 11 (84.6) | 0.56 |
| MRA, n (%) | — | 16 (55.1) | 8 (61.5) | 0.46 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | — | 19 (65.5) | 10 (76.9) | 0.28 |
| Thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics, n (%) | 6 (30) | 13 (34.5) | 5 (23.1) | 0.57 |
| Statins (%) | 14 (70) | 20 (68.9) | 10 (76.9) | 0.86 |
| Therapy for DM | ||||
| Metformin | 19 (95) | 29 (100) | 13 (100) | — |
| DPPi-4 | 14 (70) | 18 (62.1) | 8 (61.5) | 0.82 |
| Sulfonylurea | 6 (30) | 11 (37.9) | 5 (38.5) |
CHF: chronic heart failure; CAD: coronary artery disease; MI: myocardial infarction; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; ACEi: angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors; ARA: angiotensin receptor antagonists; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; DPPi-4: dipeptidil peptidase-4 inhibitors.