Table 5.
The association between COVID-19 infection and four nonpharmaceutical interventions.
| Nonpharmaceutical interventions | Risk of COVID-19 infection, n (%) | Risk difference (95% CI), % | Risk ratio (95% CI) | P valuea | |
| Washing hands (N=8158) | 1.63 (–0.18 to 3.45) | 3.53 (1.53 to 8.15) | .009 | ||
|
|
No (n=263) | 6 (2.28) |
|
|
|
|
|
Yes (n=7895) | 51 (0.65) |
|
|
|
| Acting properly when coughing (n=6444) | 1.06 (–0.19 to 2.3) | 2.44 (1.15 to 5.15) | .03 | ||
|
|
No (n=447) | 8 (1.79) |
|
|
|
|
|
Yes (n=5997) | 44 (0.73) |
|
|
|
| Practicing social distancing (N=8158) | 0.94 (0.18 to 1.7) | 2.63 (1.48 to 4.67) | .002 | ||
|
|
No (n=1054) | 16 (1.52) |
|
|
|
|
|
Yes (n=7104) | 41 (0.58) |
|
|
|
| Wearing a mask outdoors (n=5120) | 6.81 (1.87 to 11.75) | 12.38 (5.81 to 26.36) | <.001 | ||
|
|
No (n=108) | 8 (7.41) |
|
|
|
|
|
Yes (n=5012) | 30 (0.60) |
|
|
|
aP values from Fisher exact test.