Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 215 Patients with P. aeruginosa Bacteremiaa
| Characteristics | Total N=215 | Died N=61 | Alive N=154 | OR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), (mean, SD) | 60.5, 19.0 | 65.1, 16.1 | 58.7, 19.8 | 0.016 | ||
| Male gender, n (%) | 159 (74.0) | 47 (77.0) | 112 (72.7) | 1.259 | 0.629–2.520 | 0.515 |
| Underlying disease, n (%) | 154 (71.6) | 59 (96.7) | 95 (61.7) | 18.321 | 4.314–77.806 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 54 (25.1) | 21 (34.4) | 33 (21.4) | 1.925 | 1.001–3.701 | 0.048 |
| Chronic lung disease | 35 (16.3) | 19 (31.1) | 16 (10.4) | 3.902 | 1.844–8.255 | <0.001 |
| Chronic renal failure | 22 (10.2) | 5 (8.2) | 17 (11.0) | 0.720 | 0.253–2.045 | 0.535 |
| Liver disease | 29 (13.5) | 1 (1.6) | 28 (18.2) | 0.075 | 0.010–0.564 | 0.003 |
| Solid organ cancer | 39 (18.1) | 9 (14.8) | 30 (19.5) | 0.715 | 0.318–1.612 | 0.418 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 81 (37.7) | 42 (68.9) | 39 (25.3) | 6.518 | 3.395–12.515 | <0.001 |
| Solid-organ transplantation | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.6) | 2 (1.3) | 1.267 | 0.113–14.230 | 1.000 |
| Hematological Disease | 50 (23.3) | 11 (18.0) | 39 (25.3) | 0.649 | 0.307–1.369 | 0.254 |
| Benign biliary tract disease | 32 (14.9) | 2 (3.3) | 30 (19.5) | 0.140 | 0.032–0.606 | 0.005 |
| Primary site of infection, n (%) | ||||||
| Lung | 64 (29.8) | 32 (52.5) | 32 (20.8) | 4.207 | 2.228–7.944 | <0.001 |
| Soft-tissue | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (0.6) | 2.550 | 0.157–41.427 | 1.000 |
| Biliary tract | 12 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (7.8) | 1.085 | 1.036–1.135 | 0.021 |
| Urinary tract | 10 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (6.5) | 1.069 | 1.026–1.115 | 0.066 |
| Catheter-related | 48 (22.3) | 8 (13.1) | 40 (26.0) | 0.430 | 0.188–0.983 | 0.041 |
| Peritoneum | 9 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (5.8) | 1.062 | 1.021–1.105 | 0.063 |
| Unknown | 70 (32.6) | 20 (32.8) | 50 (32.5) | 1.015 | 0.539–1.909 | 0.964 |
| Nosocomial infectionb, n (%) | 176 (81.9) | 49 (80.3) | 127 (82.5) | 0.868 | 0.408–1.848 | 0.714 |
| Comorbid condition, n (%) | ||||||
| Corticosteroid use | 60 (27.9) | 15 (24.6) | 45 (29.2) | 0.790 | 0.401–1.557 | 0.495 |
| Immune deficiencyc | 54 (25.1) | 10 (16.4) | 44 (28.6) | 0.490 | 0.229–1.051 | 0.063 |
| Neutropeniad | 40 (18.6) | 10 (16.4) | 30 (19.5) | 0.810 | 0.369–1.779 | 0.600 |
| Intravenous catheterization | 146 (67.9) | 20 (32.8) | 126 (81.8) | 0.108 | 0.055–0.213 | <0.001 |
| Blood transfusion | 87 (40.5) | 33 (54.1) | 54 (35.1) | 2.183 | 1.195–3.987 | 0.010 |
| Coinfection with other bacteria | 44 (20.5) | 18 (29.5) | 26 (16.9) | 2.061 | 1.030–4.122 | 0.039 |
| Hospitals, n (%) | ||||||
| CJFH | 69 (32.1) | 42 (68.9) | 27 (17.5) | 10.398 | 5.253–20.581 | <0.001 |
| Henan Provincial People’s Hospital | 79 (36.7) | 2 (3.3) | 77 (50.0) | 0.034 | 0.008–0.144 | <0.001 |
| Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital | 30 (14.0) | 6 (9.8) | 24 (15.6) | 0.591 | 0.229–1.526 | 0.273 |
| Wuhan Forth Hospital | 36 (16.7) | 11 (18.0) | 25 (16.2) | 1.135 | 0.520–2.478 | 0.750 |
| Weifang No.2 People’s Hospital | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1.007 | 0.994–1.019 | 1.000 |
| Antimicrobial therapy regimen, n (%) | 209 (97.2) | 60 (98.4) | 149 (96.8) | 2.013 | 0.230–17.596 | 0.853 |
| Monotherapye | 91 (42.3) | 18 (29.5) | 73 (47.4) | 0.464 | 0.246–0.876 | 0.017 |
| Combined antibiotic therapyf | 118 (54.9) | 42 (68.9) | 76 (49.4) | 2.269 | 1.212–4.248 | 0.010 |
| LOS (days), median (IQR) | 20.0 (12.0–31.8) | 14.0 (9.0–31.0) |
22.0 (14.0–32.0) |
0.422 | ||
| Received mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 69 (32.1) | 43 (70.5) | 26 (16.9) | 11.761 | 5.880–23.522 | <0.001 |
| Admitted to ICU, n (%) | 88 (40.9) | 51 (83.6) | 37 (24.0) | 16.127 | 7.451–34.904 | <0.001 |
Notes: aP. aeruginosa bacterium was defined as the presence of P. aeruginosa in blood culture and the clinical features related to the P. aeruginosa infection. Only the first P. aeruginosa bacterium event was enrolled in the analysis if a patient presented ≥2 positive P. aeruginosa bacteremia during the study period. bNosocomial infection was defined as the occurrence of P. aeruginosa bacterium (1) that occurred more than 48 h after admission to hospital (2) that occurred less than 48 h after admission to hospital in cases who had been in other hospitals within the 2 weeks prior to admission. cThe presence of immune deficiency was defined as the receipt of immunosuppressive therapy (immunosuppressive agent, chemotherapy or radiotherapy) during the P. aeruginosa bacteremia. dNeutropenia was defined that an absolute neutrophil count of <500/mL. eAntibiotic monotherapy was defined as the treatment with only one of the following antibiotics: aztreonam, cefoperazone-sulbactam, ceftazidime, ticarcillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, colistin, and so on. fCombination therapy consisted of the treatment with two or more antibiotics.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of hospital stay; CJFH, China-Japan Friendship Hospital; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.