Table 3.

Vaping message elements’ impact, n=810

Message element	Primary outcome	Secondary outcomes from Tobacco Warnings Model				Other outcomes
	Perceived effectiveness	Attention	Cognitive elaboration	Negative affect	Social interactions	Perceived harm	Perceived effectiveness, smoking	Cognitive elaboration, smoking	Reactance
	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B
Traditional harms
1 harm versus absent	0.24**	0.20*	0.25**	0.25**	0.14	0.27**	0.28**	0.25**	0.17
3 harms versus absent	0.18*	0.11	0.19*	0.20*	0.10	0.26**	0.19*	0.20*	0.13
COVID-19 harm
1 harm versus absent	0.08	0.06	0.01	0.04	−0.01	−0.03	0.09	−0.03	0.14

Bs are unstandardised regression coefficients on standardised dependent variables. Two-way interactions between traditional health harms and COVID-19 harm were not statistically significant in initial models and so were removed from the final models. Bold indicates statistically significant effects. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.