Table 1.

Comparison of major society guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance

Society	American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases	European Association for the Study of the Liver	Japan Society of Hepatology	Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver
Population	Child-Pugh A or B cirrhosis Child-Pugh C cirrhosis awaiting transplant Hepatitis B: Asian males > 40 years Asian females > 50 years Family history of HCC African and/or North American blacks	Child-Pugh A or B cirrhosis Child-Pugh C cirrhosis awaiting transplant Hepatitis B at intermediate or high risk of HCC according to PAGE-B score Non-cirrhotic F3 patients, regardless of etiology, may be considered based on individual risk assessment	High risk: Cirrhosis Chronic hepatitis B Chronic Hepatitis C Extremely high risk: Cirrhosis due to hepatitis B Cirrhosis due to hepatitis C	Cirrhosis Hepatitis B: Asian males > 40 years Asian females > 50 years Family history of HCC Africans > 20 years old
Modality	Ultrasound +/− AFP	Ultrasound	Ultrasound + AFP, DCP, AFP-L3	Ultrasound + AFP
Surveillance interval	Every 6 months	Every 6 months	Every 6 months for high risk patients Every 3–4 months for extremely high risk patients	Every 6 months