Structures are overlaid based on the XPB chain and shown as ribbons. Upper panels show TFIIH A) in a transcription PIC complex with promoter DNA, B) in solution and DNA-free, and C) in an initial NER complex with XPA and Y-DNA. All models shown are based on cryoEM density, and subunits or subunit regions not detectable in density are not shown. Thus, PIC and solution TFIIH models are missing CAK/cyclin H subunits present in the original sample, while the TFIIH-XPA-DNA model is missing p62. The PIC and solution models are additionally based on our integrative computational methods. Pol II and transcription factors are colored gray. Insets highlight molecular rigging character of TFIIE and p62. Lower panels show only the DNA, XPB, XPD, and XPA chains. In transcription initiation, XPD is shifted away from the DNA (marked by small arrow and X). In NER, XPD rotates towards and binds the ssDNA (marked by large arrow). Scale and perspective are maintained in all panels.