Table 1:
Participant Characteristics by Sex
| Total Sample (n = 181) |
Boys (n = 82) |
Girls (n = 99) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 13.2 (2.7) | 13.0 (2.7) | 13.4 (2.7) | .29 |
| Age range, n (%) | .20 | |||
| Pre-Adolescent (8-12) | 66 (36) | 34 (42) | 32 (32) | |
| Adolescent (13-17) | 115 (64) | 48 (59) | 67 (68) | |
| Race, n (%) | .06 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 81 (45) | 43 (52) | 38 (38) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 47 (26) | 16 (20) | 31 (31) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 15 (8) | 8 (10) | 7 (7) | |
| Other/Unknown | 38 (21) | 15 (18) | 23 (23) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.8 (5.5) | 20.9 (5.0) | 22.6 (5.9) | .05 |
| BMI-z | 0.6 (1.0) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.7 (1.0) | .18 |
| Weight status, n (%) | .88 | |||
| Healthy Weight | 120 (66) | 56 (68) | 64 (65) | |
| Overweight | 28 (16) | 12 (15) | 16 (16) | |
| Obese | 33 (18) | 14 (17) | 19 (19) | |
| Lean mass (kg) | 37.3 (11.7) | 39.0 (13.2) | 35.8 (9.9) | .06 |
| Fat mass (%)a | 28 (9) | 24 (9) | 31 (7) | <.001* |
| Depressive symptoms, median (IQR)b | 6 (3, 10) | 5.5 (3, 9) | 7 (3, 10) | .20 |
| Anxiety, median (IQR)b | 30 (26, 37) | 29 (24, 34) | 31.5 (27, 38) | .01* |
| LOC eating presence, n (%)c | 16 (8.8) | 5 (6.1) | 11 (11.1) | .19 |
| Emotional eating, n (%)d | 76 (42.0) | 32 (39.0) | 44 (44.4) | .28 |
| Eating in the absence of hunger, n (%)e | 87 (48.1) | 33 (40.2) | 54 (54.5) | .02* |
| Total commission errors (%) | 37 (18) | 41 (17) | 34 (19) | .02* |
| Neutral-Go commission errors (%) | 41 (20) | 45 (19) | 37 (20) | .01* |
| Food-Go commission errors (%) | 33 (20) | 36 (19) | 31 (20) | .08 |
| Total intake (kcal) | 967 (419) | 994 (410) | 926 (423) | .28 |
| Snack intake (kcal) | 224 (184) | 221 (168) | 213 (189) | .78 |
Data presented as M (SD) unless otherwise noted.
Un-transformed mean and standard deviation shown.
IQR = interquartile range; median (25% IQR, 75% IQR) shown.
LOC eating presence within the past month measured by the Eating Disorder Examination adult or child version (Bryant-Waugh et al., 1996; Fairburn & Cooper, 1993).
Emotional eating measured by the Emotional Eating Scale for Children (Tanofsky-Kraff et al., 2007); n and % reported for those who endorsed high emotional eating (total score > 13) (Vannucci et al., 2012).
Eating in the absence of hunger measured by the Eating in the Absence of Hunger Questionnaire for Children (Tanofsky-Kraff et al., 2008); n and % reported for those who reported high eating in the absence of hunger (>median cut-off of 21).
Group differences are significant at p < .05 for independent samples t-tests or Chi-square analyses, as appropriate. Abbreviations: BMI-z, body mass index adjusted for age and sex; LOC, loss of control; Neutral-Go, blocks in which images of neutral toy images were the Go target and food images were the No-Go target; Food-Go, blocks in which food images were the Go target and neutral toy images were the No-Go target.