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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nutr Res. 2020 Sep 17;83:119–128. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.09.004

Table 3-.

Incident rate ratio (IRR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of having a non-zero bacterial count based on alcohol use

Bacterial genera Alcohol use IRRa 95% CI P value
Akkermansia Former drinkers 1.40 0.29–6.70 0.68
Light drinkers 15.4 2.96–80.3 0.001
Heavy drinkers 0.04 0.002–0.84 0.04
Faecalibacterium Former drinkers 1.07 0.48–2.40 0.86
Light drinkers 0.80 0.34–1.85 0.60
Heavy drinkers 0.05 0.01–0.20 <0.001
Roseburia Former drinkers 0.28 0.11–0.68 0.005
Light drinkers 0.44 0.15–1.20 0.11
Heavy drinkers 0.08 0.01–0.56 0.01
Subdoligranulum Former drinkers 1.12 0.61–2.08 0.71
Light drinkers 0.47 0.23–0.96 0.04
Heavy drinkers 0.19 0.06–0.63 0.007
Sutterella Former drinkers 0.14 0.04–0.48 0.002
Light drinkers 0.27 0.07–0.94 0.04
Heavy drinkers 0.002 0.0001–0.03 <0.001
Lachnospiraceaeunc91005 Former drinkers 1.03 0.61–1.73 0.92
Light drinkers 0.67 0.40–1.11 0.12
Heavy drinkers 0.13 0.05–0.33 <0.001
Escherichia Former drinkers 1.00 0.44–2.29 0.98
Light drinkers 0.42 0.16–1.05 0.06
Heavy drinkers 3.19 0.91–11.2 0.07
Lachnospiraceaeunc8895 Former drinkers 0.93 0.37–2.34 0.88
Light drinkers 0.87 0.34–2.21 0.77
Heavy drinkers 6.36 1.85–21.8 0.003

CI: confidence interval. IRR: incident rate ratio. P value was bolded if < 0.05.

a

Never drinker was the reference group in the model. The multivariable negative binomial regression model using panel data was adjusted for age (continuous), ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, African American, and Hispanic), body mass index (continuous), smoking status (never, former, and current), colon segment, hypertension (yes vs. no), diabetes (yes vs. no), and HEI score (continuous). Each individual was treated as a panel if one had multiple biopsies.

Compared to never drinkers, the incidence rate of having a non-zero Akkermansia count was higher in light drinkers and lower in heavy drinkers. Compared to never drinkers, heavy drinkers had significantly lower incidence rate of a non-zero count of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Subdoligranulum, Sutterella, and Lachnospiraceaeunc91005; heavy drinkers had significantly higher incidence rate of a non-zero count of Lachnospiraceaeunc8895 and an insignificantly higher count of Escherichia. For example, the incidence of having a non-zero Faecalibacterium count was 95% lower in heavy drinkers than in never drinkers.