Table 3:
Cohort characteristics
| Baseline | Intervention | Quality Improvement | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All encounters resulting in care in PACUa | 20,274 | 12,161 | 22,015 | |||
| Encounters in patients 65+ who received care in PACU | 7212 | 4416 | 8311 | |||
| Age | 72 [68–77] | 72 [68–77] | 72 [68–77] | 0.14b | ||
| Female gender | 2991 (41%) | 1946 (44%) | 3566 (43%) | 0.053c | ||
| ASA physical status | 1 | 107 (1.5%) | 45 (1.0%) | 90 (1.1%) | 0.037d | |
| 2 | 3158 (44%) | 1836 (42%) | 3,489 (42%) | |||
| 3 | 3629 (51%) | 2,306 (53%) | 4,331 (53%) | |||
| 4 | 248 (3.5%) | 167 (3.8%) | 310 (3.8%) | |||
| 5 | 2 (0.03%) | 0 | 2 (0.02%) | |||
| Emergency case status | 681 (9.4%) | 468 (11%) | 808 (9.7%) | 0.12c | ||
| Type of procedure | General | 1053 (15%)* | 595 (13%) | 1055 (13%) | <0.001d | |
| Orthopedic | 1252 (17%) | 804 (18%) | 1453 (17%) | |||
| Plastic | 157 (2.2%) | 75 (1.7%) | 143 (1.7%) | |||
| Neurosurgery / Neurointer-ventional Radiology | 662 (9.2%)* | 469 (10.6%) | 914 (11%) | |||
| Cardiac / Vascular /Thoracic | 1005 (14%) | 664 (15%) | 1257 (15%) | |||
| ENT / Ophthalmic / OMFS | 546 (7.6%) | 321 (7.3%) | 555 (6.7%) | |||
| Urology / Gynecology | 1306 (18%) | 745 (17%) | 1392 (17%) | |||
| Endoscopy / Radiology | 1231 (17%) | 743 (17%) | 1542 (19%) | |||
| Elixhauser comorbidities: | ||||||
| Obesity | 450 (6.2%) | 280 (6.3%) | 580 (7.0%) | 0.14c | ||
| Hypertension | Uncomplicated | 3148 (44%) | 1840 (42%) | 3580 (43%) | <0.001d | |
| Complicated | 1016 (14%)* | 700 (16%) | 1401 (17%)* | |||
| Diabetes | Uncomplicated | 897 (12%) | 479 (11%) | 963 (12%) | 0.086c | |
| Complicated | 726 (10%) | 434 (9.8%) | 860 (10%) | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 594 (8.2%) | 386 (8.7%) | 809 (9.7%)* | 0.004d | ||
| Renal failure | 944 (13%) | 600 (14%) | 1166 (14%) | 0.23c | ||
| Liver failure | 388 (5.3%) | 240 (5.4%) | 419 (5.0%) | 0.53c | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 728 (10%)* | 449 (10%) | 1063 (13%)* | <0.001d | ||
| Dementia | 169 (2.3%) | 105 (2.4%) | 207 (2.5%) | 0.83c | ||
| Depression | 566 (7.9%) | 340 (7.7%) | 722 (8.7%) | 0.072d | ||
| Encounters in patients 65+ who received care in PACU and were admitted at least 1 night | 4884 | 3051 | 5606 | |||
| Hospital LOS in those admitted overnight | 2 [1–5] | 3 [1–5] | 2 [1–5] | 0.34b | ||
Abbreviations: PACU, post-anesthetic care unit. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists. ENT, ear-nose-throat (otorhinolaryngology). OMFS, oral and maxillofacial surgery. LOS, length of stay.
a:
Excluding electroconvulsive therapy encounters.
b:
Kruskal-Wallis test
c:
Chi square test
d:
Chi square, with post-hoc examination of the residuals; cells marked with * are considered potentially contributing to the overall statistically significant test.