Table 1.
Socio-demographic, health risk behaviors and contextual characteristics of study participants
| Variable1 | African American |
White |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females (N=31,296) | Males (N=22,334) | Females (N=15,200) | Males (N=9,719) | |
| Age at enrollment, years | 52 ± 9 | 51 ± 8 | 54 ± 9 | 54 ± 9 |
| Source of enrollment, n (%) | ||||
| Community Health Center | 28,545 (91.2) | 20,353 (91.1) | 12,276 (80.8) | 6,519 (67.1) |
| General Population mailing | 2,751 (8.8) | 1,981 (8.9) | 2,924 (19.2) | 3,200 (32.9) |
| County of residence, n (%) | ||||
| Rural | 8,099 (25.9) | 4,540 (20.3) | 3,735 (24.6) | 2,272 (23.4) |
| Urban | 2,3195 (74.1) | 1,7788 (79.7) | 1,1464(75.4) | 7,444 (76.6) |
| Sleep duration, n (%) | ||||
| < 5 | 2,061 (6.6) | 1,258 (5.6) | 1,046 (6.9) | 565 (5.8) |
| 5 – 6 | 9,296 (29.7) | 6,300 (28.2) | 4,495(29.6) | 2,744 (28.2) |
| 7 – 8 | 14,244 (45.5) | 10,123(45.3) | 7,649 (50.3) | 5,194 (53.4) |
| ≥ 9 | 5,695 (18.2) | 4,653 (20.8) | 2,010 (13.2) | 1,216 (12.5) |
| Education completed, n (%) | ||||
| < 9 years | 2,273 (7.3) | 1,958 (8.8) | 1,140 (7.5) | 816 (8.4) |
| 9 – 11 years | 7,033 (22.5) | 5,498 (24.6) | 2,537 (16.7) | 1,319 (13.6) |
| High school or equivalent | 10,241 (32.7) | 7,959 (35.7) | 4,964 (32.7) | 2,863 (29.5) |
| Junior college | 8,277 (26.5) | 4,972 (22.3) | 4,055 (26.7) | 2,395 (24.7) |
| College graduate | 3,447 (11.0) | 1,933 (8.7) | 2,500 (16.5) | 2,317 (23.9) |
| Annual household income, n (%) | ||||
| <$15,000 | 18,267 (59.1) | 13,190 (59.7) | 7,356 (49.2) | 3,971 (41.5) |
| $15,000 – $24,999 | 7,124 (23.1) | 4,710 (21.3) | 2,915 (19.5) | 1,620 (16.9) |
| $25,000 – $49,999 | 3,949 (12.8) | 2,810 (12.7) | 2,466 (16.5) | 1,665 (17.4) |
| ≥$50,000 | 1,547 (5.0) | 1,386 (6.3) | 2,204 (14.8) | 2,320 (24.2) |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Married/living with partner | 8,412 (27.0) | 7,121 (32.0) | 6,806 (45.2) | 5,119 (53.9) |
| Divorced/separated | 10,818 (34.7) | 7,482 (33.6) | 5,100 (33.9) | 2,714 (28.6) |
| Widowed | 4,399 (14.1) | 819 (3.7) | 2,000 (13.3) | 342 (3.6) |
| Never been married | 7,554 (24.2) | 6,816 (30.7) | 1,146 (7.6) | 1,323 (13.9) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2), n (%) | ||||
| <18.5 | 327 (1.1) | 287 (1.3) | 266 (1.8) | 86 (0.9) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 4,813 (15.6) | 7,727 (34.9) | 3,775 (25.2) | 2,668 (27.6) |
| 25–29.9 | 7,838 (25.5) | 7,777 (35.1) | 3,979 (26.5) | 3,599 (37.3) |
| 30–34.9 | 7,673 (24.9) | 3,971 (17.9) | 3,246 (21.6) | 1,997 (20.7) |
| ≥35 | 10,145 (32.9) | 2,405 (10.8) | 3,739 (24.9) | 1,304 (13.5) |
| Currently working, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 12,507 (40.2) | 8,543 (38.4) | 5,834 (38.6) | 4,016 (41.5) |
| No | 18,624 (59.8) | 13,705 (61.6) | 9,289 (61.4) | 5,665 (58.5) |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Current | 10,126 (32.5) | 12,598 (56.7) | 5,392 (35.7) | 3,898 (40.7) |
| Former | 6,141 (19.7) | 4,657 (21.0) | 3,870 (25.6) | 3,229 (33.7) |
| Never | 14,857 (47.7) | 4,947 (22.3) | 5,859 (38.7) | 2,462 (25.7) |
| Total sedentary time, h/day | 9.57 ± 5.18 | 9.37 ± 5.33 | 8.84 ± 4.49 | 9.09 ± 4.80 |
| Total light, moderate and vigorous work, MET-h/day | 20.13 ± 15.41 | 24.54 ± 22.32 | 19.82 ± 15.45 | 21.65 ± 20.29 |
| Total energy intakes, kcal/day | 2,346 ± 1,341 | 3,177 ± 1,633 | 1,932 ± 974 | 2,803 ± 1,355 |
| Healthy Eating Index, score | 60 ± 12 | 55 ± 11 | 59 ± 13 | 55 ± 12 |
| Dietary intakes (FFQ), servings/day | ||||
| Fruits/vegetables | 4 ± 2 | 3 ± 2 | 3 ± 2 | 3 ± 2 |
| Bread | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 |
| Meat | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 | 2 ± 1 |
| Coffee consumption, times/day | 0.41 ± 0.75 | 0.46 ± 0.77 | 1.00 ± 1.16 | 1.17 ± 1.20 |
| Soda consumption, times/day | 0.83 ± 1.12 | 0.77 ± 1.06 | 1.12 ± 1.36 | 1.05 ± 1.28 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 13,754 (44.5) | 15,280 (69.3) | 6,495 (43.4) | 5,734 (60.2) |
| No | 17,123 (55.5) | 6,769 (30.7) | 8,481 (56.6) | 3,787 (39.8) |
| Alcohol use among drinkers, drinks/day | 1.71 ± 4.14 | 4.06 ± 6.32 | 1.00 ± 2.98 | 3.13 ± 5.87 |
1
data are presented as n (%) or mean ± sd as denoted for each variable.