Table 2.
Gender-stratified bivariable and multivariable logistic regression of factors associated with self-reported un fentanyl among a cohort of people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada (N=578).
| Characteristic | Women (n=219) |
Men (n=359) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported Unintentional Fentanyl Exposure |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORd (95% CI) | Self-reported Unintentional Fentanyl Exposure |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted ORd (95% CI) | |||
| Yes n (%) 88 (40.2) | No n (%) 131 (59.8) | Yes n (%) 104 (29.0) | No n (%) 255 (71.0) | |||||
| Age, per year older | 1.03 (1.00 –1.05) * | 1.04 (1.02 – 1.06) *** | 1.04 (1.02 – 1.06) *** | |||||
| (Median, IQR) | 40.9 (33.9 – 49.7) | 36.7 (29.0 – 48.4) | – | 51.2 (35.2 – 56.1) | 41.7 (28.2 – 51.1) | |||
| Ethnicity | 0.85 (0.48 – 1.48) | – | 1.11 (0.70 – 1.78) | – | ||||
| White | 33 (37.5) | 53 (41.4) | 63 (60.6) | 148 (58.0) | ||||
| Non-white | 55 (62.5) | 75 (58.6) | 41 (39.4) | 107 (42.0) | ||||
| Incarcerationa | 1.53 (0.51 – 4.63) | – | 0.68 (0.30 – 1.43) | – | ||||
| Yes | 7 (8.0) | 7 (5.3) | 9 (8.7) | 31 (12.2) | ||||
| No | 81 (92.0) | 124 (94.7) | 95 (91.3) | 223 (87.8) | ||||
| Exchanged money for sexa | 0.88 (0.47 – 1.62) | – | 0.30 (0.02 – 1.66) | – | ||||
| Yes | 22 (25.0) | 36 (27.5) | 1 (1.0) | 8 (3.1) | ||||
| No | 66 (75.0) | 95 (72.5) | 103 (99.0) | 247 (96.9) | ||||
| Experienced violencea | 0.77 (0.34 – 1.68) | – | 1.36 (0.70 – 2.54) | – | ||||
| Yes | 11 (12.5) | 20 (15.6) | 17 (16.3) | 32 (12.6) | ||||
| No | 77 (87.5) | 108 (84.4) | 87 (83.7) | 222 (87.4) | ||||
| Downtown East Side residencya | 1.90 (1.04 – 3.57) * | 1.77 (0.93– 3.38) | 1.09 (0.68 – 1.77) | |||||
| Yes | 68 (77.3) | 84 (64.1) | 67 (64.4) | 159 (62.4) | ||||
| No | 20 (22.7) | 47 (35.9) | 37 (35.6) | 96 (37.6) | ||||
| Homeless/unstably houseda | 1.10 (0.58 – 2.10) | – | 0.92 (0.54 – 1.63) | – | ||||
| Yes | 68 (77.3) | 99 (75.6) | 81 (77.9) | 202 (79.2) | ||||
| No | 20 (22.7) | 32 (24.4) | 23 (22.1) | 53 (20.8) | ||||
| Injection drug usea | 1.01 (0.44 – 2.43) | – | 0.45 (0.26 – 0.80) ** | 0.42 (0.23 – 0.76) ** | ||||
| Yes | 78 (88.6) | 116 (88.5) | 77 (74) | 220 (86.3) | ||||
| No | 10 (11.4) | 15 (11.5) | 27 (26) | 35 (13.7) | ||||
| Daily heroin usea,b | 0.42 (0.23 – 0.73) ** | 0.44 (0.24 – 0.80) ** | 0.45 (0.28 – 0.72) ** | 0.61 (0.37 – 1.01) | ||||
| Yes | 46 (52.3) | 95 (72.5) | 37 (35.6) | 140 (54.9) | ||||
| No | 42 (47.7) | 36 (27.5) | 67 (64.4) | 115 (45.1) | ||||
| Daily stimulant usea,c | 0.90 (0.52 – 1.55) | – | 0.89 (0.56 – 1.42) | – | ||||
| Yes | 40 (45.5) | 63 (48.1) | 40 (38.5) | 105 (41.2) | ||||
| No | 48 (54.5) | 68 (51.9) | 64 (61.5) | 150 (58.8) | ||||
| Any benzodiazepine usea | 0.73 (0.19 – 2.40) | – | 1.63 (0.66 – 3.85) | – | ||||
| Yes | 4 (4.5) | 8 (6.1) | 9 (8.7) | 14 (5.5) | ||||
| No | 84 (95.5) | 123 (93.9) | 95 (91.3) | 241 (94.5) | ||||
| Binge alcohol usea | 0.81 (0.38 – 1.69) | – | 1.60 (0.86 – 2.93) | – | ||||
| Yes | 13 (14.8) | 23 (17.6) | 20 (19.2) | 33 (12.9) | ||||
| No | 75 (85.2) | 108 (82.4) | 84 (80.8) | 222 (87.1) | ||||
| Perceived risk of fentanyl overdose | 2.29 (1.31 – 4.04) ** | 1.96 (1.10– 3.49) * | 1.07 (0.67 – 1.70) | – | ||||
| High/Moderate | 55 (62.5) | 54 (40.5) | 52 (52.0) | 127 (50.4) | ||||
| Low/No | 32 (36.4) | 72 (59.5) | 48 (48.0) | 125 (49.6) | ||||
| Experienced anxiety, | 1.31 (0.73 – 2.37) | – | 0.85 (0.49 – 1.42) | – | ||||
| Severe/Moderate | 35 (43.2) | 40 (36.7) | 26 (26.3) | 69 (29.6) | ||||
| Mild/None | 46 (52.8) | 69 (63.3) | 73 (73.7) | 164 (70.4) | ||||
| Carries Narcan | 0.79 (0.41 – 1.53) | – | 0.74 (0.46 – 1.20) | – | ||||
| Yes | 67 (76.1) | 105 (80.2) | 64 (61.5) | 174 (68.2) | ||||
| No | 21 (23.9) | 26 (19.8) | 40 (38.5) | 81 (31.8) | ||||
| Major or persistent paina | 0.85 (0.49 – 1.46) | – | 1.04 (0.66 – 1.64) | – | ||||
| Yes | 39 (44.8) | 64 (48.9) | 50 (48.5) | 121 (47.6) | ||||
| No | 48 (55.2) | 67 (51.1) | 53 (51.5) | 133 (53.4) | ||||
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001
a
reported in the last 6 months
b
heroin or ‘down’ includes heroin, fentanyl, speedball and goofball
c
stimulants include cocaine, crack cocaine, crystal methamphetamine, speedball and goofball