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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2020 Oct 17;266:113455. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113455

Table 3.

Differences in spouse caregivers’ characteristics (unadjusted) between health profiles (t-tests/χ2).

Variable Profile 1: Better Health (n =149 pre-death) Profile 2: Poorer Health (n = 49 pre-death) p
Age in years (mean ± SD; sample range 36–90) 66.29 ± 11.44 62.51 ± 9.75 0.039
Gender (% female) 94 (64%) 28 (58%) 0.300
Race/Ethnicity (% non-Hispanic white) 5 (3%) 2 (4%) 0.813
Education level (mean ± SD; sample range 2–7) 4.73 ± 1.42 4.39 ± 1.48 0.144
Income (mean ± SD; sample range 1–7) 4.84 ± 1.57 4.00 ± 1.73 0.002
Preparedness for caregiving (sample range .33 – 4) 2.79 ± 0.66 2.33 ± 0.61 <0.001
Spousal relationship strain (sample range 1 – 6) 2.19 ± 1.30 2.92 ± 1.51 0.002
Constriction of social life (sample range 1 – 5) 1.72 ± 0.69 2.25 ± 0.84 <0.001
Active coping (sample range 9 – 21) 18.51 ± 2.31 14.69 ± 2.83 <0.001
PG-13 post-death max score (sample range 12–52)* 25.02 ± 8.78 34.00 ± 8.02 <0.001
*

sample size for the post-death PG-13 prolonged grief symptoms variable was n = 81.