Table 2.

Daily energy and macronutrient intake as well as their adequacy in male CD patients, according to disease activity

	LARN		All (n = 71)	EIb	Active (n = 28)	EIb	Quiescent (n = 43)	EIb
	RI	AR	Mean ± SD	%	Mean ± SD	%	Mean ± SD	%
Energy intake (EI), kcal/d		2350c	1863 ± 345		1915 ± 451		1829 ± 260
Protein, g		50d	79.0 ± 23.6	17%	80.1 ± 29.1	17%	78.3 ± 19.6	17%
Protein g/kg body weight		0.71	0.98 ± 0.36		0.98 ± 0.41		0.99 ± 0.34
Fat, g	25–35% EI		63.9 ± 18.8	32%	64.4 ± 21.2	31%	63.6 ± 17.4	30%
SFA, g	< 10% EI		17.3 ± 7.53	8%	17.3 ± 9.14	8%	17.3 ± 6.89	8%
MUFA, g	–		26.4 ± 8.41	14%	23.9 ± 8.68*	13%	28.1 ± 7.91	12%*
PUFA, g	5–10% EI		6.58 ± 2.56	3.2%	6.41 ± 3.05	3%	6.70 ± 2.21	3.0%
n-6 PUFA, g	4–8% EI		3.36 ± 1.74	1.7%	3.18 ± 2.02	1.6%	3.47 ± 1.54	1.5%
n-3 PUFA, g	0.5–2% EI		0.39 ± 0.28	0.2%	0.42 ± 0.40	0.2%	0.38 ± 0.16	0.2%
Cholesterol, mg	< 300		219 ± 102		204 ± 110		229 ± 97
Carbohydrate, g	45–60% EI		255 ± 55.6	51%	268 ± 70.8	52%	247 ± 41.8	53%
Starch, g	–		155 ± 45.8		161 ± 50.6		152 ± 42.7
Oligosaccharides, g	< 15% EI		56.8 ± 29.7	11%	59.8 ± 31.9	11%	54.8 ± 28.4	11%
Fiber/1000 kcal, g	12.6–16.7		7.23 ± 2.50		7.25 ± 2.34		7.22 ± 2.71
Total fibers, ga	25		13.5 ± 5.22		14.1 ± 5.52		13.1 ± 5.03
Soluble, g	–		2.94 ± 1.46		2.91 ± 1.39		2.98 ± 1.58
Insoluble, g	–		5.13 ± 3.11		5.20 ± 3.34		5.01 ± 2.78

LARN Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti ed energia per la popolazione italiana, RI Reference intake ranges for macronutrients, AR average requirements, SFA saturated fatty acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, EI energy intake

*p < 0.05

^aValue suggested for disease prevention

^bMacronutrients expressed as percentage of total EI

^cEnergy needs associated with the lowest level of physical activity [14]

^dBased on a body weight of 70 kg