. 2020 Feb 18;59(8):3647–3658. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02198-0

Table 3.

Daily energy and macronutrient intakes as well as their adequacy in female CD patients, according to disease activity

	LARN		All (n = 46)	EI^b	Active (n = 25)	EI^b	Quiescent (n = 21)	EI^b
	RI	AR	Mean ± SD	%	Mean ± SD	%	Mean ± SD	%
Energy intake (EI), kcal/d		1900^c	1445 ± 222		1440 ± 224		1452 ± 224
Protein, g		43^d	61.1 ± 15.0	17%	60.7 ± 16.4	17%	61.7 ± 13.5	17%
Protein, g/kg body weight		0.71	1.00 ± 0.32		1.01 ± 0.32		1.00 ± 0.32
Fat, g	25–35% EI		52.5 ± 12.9	33%	51.5 ± 13.2	33%	53.6 ± 12.7	32%
SFA, g	< 10% EI		13.8 ± 5.20	8%	14.7 ± 5.83	9%	12.7 ± 4.23	9%
MUFA, g	–		22.5 ± 6.13	15%	21.1 ± 6.04*	14%	24.2 ± 5.94	13%*
PUFA, g	5–10% EI		5.30 ± 2.24	3.7%	4.73 ± 1.53*	3.3%	5.98 ± 2.65	2.9%*
n-6 PUFA, g	4–8% EI		2.97 ± 1.56	2%	2.69 ± 0.97	1.9%	3.30 ± 2.04	1.7%
n-3 PUFA, g	0.5–2% EI		0.36 ± 0.29	0.2%	0.30 ± 0.12	0.2%	0.42 ± 0.39	0.2%
Cholesterol, mg	< 300		173 ± 99		192 ± 115		152 ± 73
Carbohydrate, g	45–60% EI		193 ± 39.0	49%	193 ± 32.5	50%	192 ± 46.4	51%
Starch, g	–		111 ± 29.2		110 ± 22.7		112 ± 36.0
Oligosaccharides, g	< 15% EI		42.3 ± 20.0	10%	45.7 ± 20.0	11%	38.3 ± 19.7	12%
Fiber/1000 kcal, g	12.6–16.7		6.21 ± 2.14		6.02 ± 2.04		6.54 ± 2.26
Total fibers, g^a	25		8.93 ± 3.14		8.56 ± 2.94		9.38 ± 3.39
Soluble, g	–		2.08 ± 0.99		1.81 ± 0.79*		2.39 ± 1.12
Insoluble, g	–		3.48 ± 2.13		2.94 ± 1.69*		4.13 ± 2.46

LARN Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti ed energia per la popolazione italiana, RI Reference intake ranges for macronutrients, AR average requirements, SFA saturated fatty acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, EI energy intake

*p < 0.05

^aValue suggested for disease prevention

^bMacronutrients expressed as percentage of total EI

^cEnergy needs considering the lowest level of physical activity [14]

^dBased on a body weight of 60 kg