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. 2020 Nov 16;10:19865. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76845-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Flow diagram of study inclusion and exclusion process. In total, 14,735 patients were recruited in Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2014. Among them, 14,660 participants had complete data on lipid measurements and other covariates. We excluded 18 women who are young (< 19 years) or in elder age (> 44 years), 24 women who had diabetes mellitus, malignant tumor, inherited metabolic diseases before pregnancy, or experienced serious infection during early pregnancy, and 3430 women pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia (PE) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). We additionally excluded 3672 women who used tobacco, consumed alcohol or took anti-hyperlipidemic medication during pregnancy. After excluding newborn characteristics (not singleton, stillbirth, 5-min-postpartum Apgar scores < 7, premature or post-term delivery, or newborns with chromosomal abnormalities, inherited metabolic diseases and congenital abnormalities), the final analytic sample of 5695 participants was obtained.