Table 2.
Comparison of the maternal and neonatal characteristics across SGA and AGA group.
| Variable, mean ± SD or n (%) | SGA | AGA | P value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n | 321 | 4961 | ||
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | 28.60 ± 3.20 | 28.74 ± 3.18 | 0.471 | |
| < 25 | 21 (6.5) | 318 (6.4) | 0.360 | |
| 25–29 | 202 (62.9) | 2888 (58.2) | ||
| 30–34 | 83 (25.9) | 1500 (30.2) | ||
| ≥ 35 | 15 (4.7) | 255 (5.1) | ||
| Maternal height (m) | 1.60 ± 0.04 | 1.61 ± 0.05 | < 0.001 | |
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 49.68 ± 6.07 | 52.86 ± 7.03 | < 0.001 | |
| Weight before delivery (kg) | 63.26 ± 7.18 | 67.60 ± 7.64 | < 0.001 | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 19.47 ± 2.22 | 20.37 ± 2.50 | < 0.001 | |
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 109 (34.0) | 1141 (23.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Normal weight (18.5 -24.9) | 207 (64.5) | 3611 (72.8) | ||
| Overweight or obesity (≥ 25.0) | 5 (1.6) | 209 (4.2) | ||
| Gestational weight gain (kg) | 13.58 ± 3.31 | 14.75 ± 3.90 | < 0.001 | |
| Inadequate | 96 (29.9) | 929 (18.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Appropriate | 179 (55.8) | 2719 (54.8) | ||
| Excessive | 46 (14.3) | 1313 (26.5) | ||
| Education | 0.867 | |||
| Under college | 15 (4.7) | 220 (4.4) | ||
| College or equivalent | 268 (83.5) | 4456 (82.7) | ||
| Above college | 38 (11.8) | 636 (12.8) | ||
| Medical insurance | 0.391 | |||
| Yes | 306 (95.3) | 4776 (96.3) | ||
| No | 15 (4.7) | 185 (3.7) | ||
| Marital status | 0.002 | |||
| Married | 313 (97.5) | 4925 (99.3) | ||
| Others (Unmarried, divorced or widowed) | 8 (2.5) | 36 (0.7) | ||
| Race | 0.120 | |||
| Hans | 316 (98.4) | 4929 (99.4) | ||
| Others | 5 (1.6) | 32 (0.6) | ||
| Gravidity | 0.042 | |||
| 1 | 228 (71.0) | 3148 (63.5) | ||
| 2 | 74 (23.1) | 1240 (25.0) | ||
| ≥ 3 | 19 (0.3) | 970 (19.5) | ||
| Parity | < 0.001 | |||
| Nulliparous | 307 (95.6) | 4446 (89.6) | ||
| Multiparous | 14 (4.4) | 515 (10.4) | ||
| Anemia | 87 (27.1) | 1708 (34.4) | 0.007 | |
| ALB (g/L) | 38.48 ± 2.31 | 38.43 ± 2.19 | 0.694 | |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.31 ± 0.31 | 4.39 ± 0.30 | < 0.001 | |
| Infant characteristics | ||||
| Gender | 0.001 | |||
| Male | 116 (36.1) | 2537 (51.1) | ||
| Female | 205 (63.9) | 2424 (48.9) | ||
| Gestational age at birth (days) | 277.71 ± 6.95 | 277.70 ± 7.34 | 0.981 | |
| Birth weight (g) | 2681.18 ± 160.22 | 3342.53 ± 295.67 | < 0.001 | |
BMI body mass index, ALB albumin, FBG Fasting blood glucose. SGA/AGA small/appropriate for gestational age.
†P values were calculated using one-way ANOVA (for continuous variables) or χ2 test (for categorical variables), and P < 0.05 indicates that the mean values (for continuous variables) or proportions (for categorical variables) of a variable were significantly different between SGA group and AGA group.