Table 2.
Associations between changes in momentary and retrospective items with the criterion measures of change (N = 26 at baseline and follow-up)
| Momentary and retrospective items | Average change on momentary and retrospective items for different levels of change in corresponding criterion variables | Regression model | Hierarchical regression analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | P value | ∆F | P value | ||||
| SSQ mood | ||||||||
| Decline (N = 7) | Same (N = 10) | Improve (N = 9) | ||||||
| Cheerful | 11.72 | <.001* | ||||||
| Momentary | −0.22 | − 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.80 | 0.16 | <.001* | ||
| Retrospective | 0.43 | 0.40 | 1.11 | 0.12 | 0.19 | .557 | ||
| Relaxed | 2.33 | .107 | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.89 | 0.42 | 0.26 | .124 | ||
| Retrospective | 0.86 | 0.90 | 1.89 | 0.13 | 0.23 | .583 | ||
| Energetic | 20.71 | <.001* | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.30 | 0.16 | 1.27 | 0.99 | 0.13 | <.001* | ||
| Retrospective | 0.57 | −0.30 | 0.33 | −0.45 | 0.13 | .002* | ||
| Happy | 5.01 | .010* | ||||||
| Momentary | − 0.09 | 0.22 | 1.02 | 0.70 | 0.22 | .005* | ||
| Retrospective | 0.43 | −0.60 | −0.22 | 0.03 | 0.21 | .902 | ||
| Anxious | 2.34 | .534 | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.62 | 0.14 | 0.78 | .859 | ||
| Retrospective | −0.29 | −0.60 | 0.22 | −0.12 | 0.26 | .645 | ||
| Sad | 2.10 | .134 | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.23 | −0.14 | 0.59 | 0.18 | 0.37 | .625 | ||
| Retrospective | 1.71 | −0.20 | −1.22 | − 0.32 | 0.24 | .192 | ||
| Irritated | 0.82 | .502 | ||||||
| Momentary | −0.03 | − 0.14 | 0.59 | 0.19 | 0.50 | .640 | ||
| Retrospective | −0.57 | −0.50 | − 0.89 | − 0.01 | 0.23 | .978 | ||
| Worried | 2.26 | .114 | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.32 | 0.12 | 0.57 | 0.08 | 0.38 | .839 | ||
| Retrospective | 1.43 | −0.30 | 0.11 | −0.19 | 0.25 | .450 | ||
| NYHA change | ||||||||
| Decline (N = 3) | Same (N = 7) | Improve (N = 19) | ||||||
| Tired | 2.47 | .093 | ||||||
| Momentary | −0.61 | − 0.02 | 1.32 | 0.54 | 0.22 | .027* | ||
| Retrospective | 1.33 | 1.57 | 0.94 | 0.03 | 0.26 | .923 | ||
| Pain chest | 4.43 | .016* | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.76 | 0.04 | 0.53 | .946 | ||
| Retrospective | −0.00 | −0.57 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.26 | .557 | ||
| Shortness of breath | 4.70 | .013* | ||||||
| Momentary | −1.83 | −0.19 | 1.50 | 0.73 | 0.22 | .004* | ||
| Retrospective | 1.00 | 1.43 | 0.31 | −0.34 | 0.26 | 0.201 | ||
| Tight feeling chest | 1.70 | .202 | ||||||
| Momentary | −0.09 | −0.12 | 1.04 | 0.44 | 0.37 | .254 | ||
| Retrospective | −1.33 | −0.14 | 0.44 | 0.08 | 0.24 | .739 | ||
| Oppressive feeling chest | 2.44 | .096 | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.35 | −0.29 | 1.04 | 0.05 | 0.29 | .860 | ||
| Retrospective | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.31 | −0.20 | 0.22 | .497 | ||
| SSQ Fatigue | ||||||||
| Decline (N = 8) | Same (N = 7) | Improve (N = 11) | ||||||
| Energetic | 9.64 | <.001* | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.02 | 0.20 | 1.23 | 0.77 | 0.18 | <.001* | ||
| Retrospective | −1.50 | 0.86 | 0.91 | −0.11 | 0.19 | .581 | ||
| Tired | 5.51 | .007* | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.07 | 0.61 | 1.31 | 0.50 | 0.19 | .015* | ||
| Retrospective | 2.00 | 1.29 | 0.45 | −0.23 | 0.22 | .220 | ||
| SSQ Pain | ||||||||
| Decline (N = 3) | Same (N = 9) | Improve (N = 14) | ||||||
| Pain chest | 0.32 | .813 | ||||||
| Momentary | 0.19 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.63 | .373 | ||
| Retrospective | −0.33 | −0.00 | 0.21 | −0.08 | 0.30 | .790 | ||
| Pain | 0.09 | .967 | ||||||
| Momentary | −0.06 | −0.08 | −0.11 | - < 0.01 | 0.42 | .998 | ||
| Retrospective | 0.67 | 0.44 | 2.00 | 0.40 | 0.29 | .118 | ||
Change scores of all negative items are reversed. A positive change score indicates an improvement in HRQOL, a negative change score indicates a decline in HRQoL. A positive β of the positive items = more positive mood associated with an improvement in mood. A positive β of the negative items = decline negative mood/symptomology associated with an improvement in health/mood. All regression models were adjusted for baseline momentary (mean) and retrospective scores
*P values < 0.05 were considered significant