TABLE 1.
Effect of interventions (high-velocity low-amplitude thrust manipulation and muscle energy technique) on clinical variables from initial time (1 = pre-intervention); immediate (2 = post-immediate intervention on first day); and after 15 days (3 = post-final intervention).
| Variables | Groups (n = 10) | Time of intervention |
Clinical differences | Groups p | Times p | Interaction p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial (1) | Immediate (2) | 15 days (3) | ||||||
| NPRS (pain) | HVLA | 3.4 (2.3) | 2.5 (3.1) | 1.6 (1.8) | −1.8 | 0.816 | < 0.01* | 0.785 |
| MET | 3.8 (2.2) | 2.3 (1.8) | 1.0 (1.3) | −2.8 | - | Post hoc 1 ≠ 3 | - | |
| SF-MPQ | HVLA | 8.2 (7.9) | - | 7.2 (7.7) | −1.0 | 0.883 | 0.435 | 0.769 |
| MET | 9.1 (4.4) | - | 6.9 (4.5) | −2.2 | - | - | - | |
| RMDQ | HVLA | 7.0 (5.5) | - | 6.0 (5.0) | −1.0 | 0.714 | 0.513 | > 0.99 |
| MET | 6.4 (5.9) | - | 5.4 (3.7) | −1.0 | - | - | - | |
| FABQp | HVLA | 12.3 (8.0) | - | 10.0 (8.1) | −2.3 | 0.293 | 0.444 | 0.852 |
| MET | 14.4 (8.2) | - | 13.0 (5.2) | −1.4 | - | - | - | |
| FABQw | HVLA | 15.1 (11.2) | - | 13.0 (9.1) | −2.1 | 0.579 | 0.625 | 0.845 |
| MET | 12.8 (8.8) | - | 11.9 (8.9) | −0.9 | - | - | - | |
| Schober (cm) | HVLA | 5.4 (1.6) | - | 5.7 (1.0) | +0.3 | 0.620 | 0.708 | 0.832 |
| MET | 5.3 (1.9) | - | 5.4 (1.4) | +0.1 | - | - | - | |
FABQp, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire – physical activities; FABQw, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire – work activities; HVLA, high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation; MET, muscle energy technique; NPRS, Numeric Pain-Rating Scale; RMDQ, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; SF-MPQ, Short Form – McGill Pain Questionnaire.
Note: Mean values and standard deviation are given in parenthesis. Clinical difference is detectable. Negative values (NPRS, SF-MPQ, RMDQ, FABQp e FABQw) and positive values (Schober flexibility test) show clinical evolution with intervention.
Significant difference across times from intervention by post hoc analysis of ANOVA (p < 0.05).