TABLE 1.
Associations between tobacco use categories and outcome variables.
| Outcome variables | Tobacco use | UOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological distress (17.2%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 1.61 | 1.20, 2.16** | 1.23 | 0.83, 1.84 | |
| < daily | 1.10 | 0.79, 1.53 | 0.96 | 0.66, 1.40 | |
| daily | 1.25 | 1.07, 1.47** | 1.49 | 1.22, 1.83*** | |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (2.1%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 1.84 | 1.11, 3.03* | 1.28 | 0.72, 2.28 | |
| < daily | 2.36 | 1.27, 4.38** | 1.82 | 0.79, 4.19 | |
| daily | 1.83 | 1.29, 2.58*** | 1.83 | 1.23, 2.71** | |
| Sleeping problems (7.1%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 1.93 | 1.34, 2.78*** | 1.09 | 0.68, 1.51 | |
| < daily | 1.40 | 0.91, 2.17 | 1.15 | 0.60, 2.19 | |
| daily | 1.27 | 1.00, 1.60* | 1.32 | 0.95, 1.83 | |
| Problem drinking (20.3%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 2.29 | 1.69, 3.20*** | 2.26 | 1.58, 3.23*** | |
| < daily | 3.94 | 2.83, 5.48*** | 3.23 | 2.23, 4.68*** | |
| daily | 7.15 | 6.23, 8.22*** | 6.00 | 5.09, 7.07*** | |
| Fruits (< 1 per day) (42.3%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 1.21 | 0.89, 1.65 | 1.37 | 0.96, 1.95 | |
| < daily | 1.49 | 1.13, 1.97** | 1.44 | 1.04, 2.00* | |
| daily | 1.34 | 1.18, 1.53*** | 1.33 | 1.15, 1.54*** | |
| Vegetables (< 1 per day) (42.0%) | Never | 1 | Reference | - | - |
| past | 1.14 | 0.86, 1.52 | - | - | |
| < daily | 1.14 | 0.86, 1.52 | - | - | |
| daily | 1.06 | 0.92, 1.21 | - | - | |
| Processed meat (≥ 4 times per week) (11.0%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 0.55 | 0.33, 0.90* | 0.60 | 0.34, 1.08 | |
| < daily | 0.76 | 0.45, 1.29 | 0.77 | 0.41, 1.44 | |
| daily | 0.75 | 0.60, 0.94* | 0.80 | 0.62, 1.02 | |
| Snacks (≥ 4 times per week) (15.4%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 0.88 | 0.63, 1.23 | 0.88 | 0.55, 1.41 | |
| < daily | 0.88 | 0.59, 1.31 | 0.99 | 0.65, 1.51 | |
| daily | 0.75 | 0.61, 0.92** | 0.94 | 0.73, 1.19 | |
| Soft drink (daily) (10.6%) | Never | 1 | Reference | - | - |
| past | 1.23 | 0.64, 2.35 | - | - | |
| < daily | 1.14 | 0.74, 1.75 | - | - | |
| daily | 0.78 | 0.59, 1.04 | - | - | |
| Fast food (≥ 1 week) (46.0%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 0.82 | 0.60, 1.12 | 0.89 | 0.56, 1.40 | |
| < daily | 0.81 | 0.59, 1.10 | 0.85 | 0.62, 1.17 | |
| daily | 0.71 | 0.61, 0.83*** | 0.68 | 0.57, 0.81*** | |
| Food very salty (7.0%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 2.00 | 1.39, 2.86*** | 1.95 | 1.33, 2.85*** | |
| < daily | 2.29 | 1.44, 3.65*** | 1.84 | 1.23, 2.77** | |
| daily | 1.85 | 1.49, 2.29*** | 1.74 | 1.38, 2.18*** | |
| Physical activity (low) (47.0%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 0.66 | 0.48, 0.90*** | 0.59 | 0.39, 0.90* | |
| < daily | 0.49 | 0.35, 0.69*** | 0.60 | 0.42, 0.85** | |
| daily | 0.64 | 0.54, 0.76*** | 0.63 | 0.52, 0.76*** | |
| Sedentary (8 or more hours per day) (13.4%) | Never | 1 | Reference | - | - |
| past | 0.74 | 0.45, 1.22 | - | - | |
| < daily | 0.70 | 0.44, 1.11 | - | - | |
| daily | 0.99 | 0.83, 1.18 | - | - | |
| Wash hands before eating (not always) (18.2%) | Never | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| past | 1.25 | 0.83, 1.68 | 1.08 | 0.78, 1.51 | |
| < daily | 1.39 | 1.02, 1.90* | 0.92 | 0.64, 1.34 | |
| daily | 1.31 | 1.10, 1.55** | 1.30 | 1.07, 1.57** |
UOR, Unadjusted Odds Ratio; AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio.
a
, Adjusted for age, sex, population group, employment status, residence status, self-rated health status, chronic conditions and functional disability.
***
, p < 0.001;
**
, p < 0.01;
*
, p < 0.05.