Table 3.
Comparison of the DASS subscale scores by demographic characteristics (N = 2103)
| DASS subscales by income | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | U | Z | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | ≤ 700 USD | 978.01 | 749157.5 | 345839.0*** | − 4.99 | .000 |
| > 700 USD | 854.13 | 893420.5 | ||||
| Anxiety | ≤ 700 USD | 965.07 | 739244.0 | 355.753.0*** | − 4.11 | .000 |
| > 700 USD | 863.61 | 903334.0 | ||||
| Stress | ≤ 700 USD | 988.5 | 757227.0 | 337770.0*** | − 5.72 | .000 |
| > 700 USD | 846.4 | 885351.0 | ||||
| DASS subscales by education | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | U | Z | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | ≤ High school | 1139.5 | 476311.5 | 315589.5** | -3.03 | .001 |
| > High school | 1030.2 | 1736044.5 | ||||
| Anxiety | ≤ High school | 1129.2 | 472015.0 | 319886.0** | -2.93 | .003 |
| > High school | 1032.8 | 1740341.0 | ||||
| Stress | ≤ High school | 1147.3 | 479569.5 | 312331.5*** | -3.59 | .000 |
| > High school | 1028.3 | 1732786.5 | ||||
| DASS subscales by city | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | U | Z | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | Amman | 1030.6 | 1287275.5 | 506650.5 | − 1.05 | .290 |
| Other cities | 1059.0 | 883210.5 | ||||
| Anxiety | Amman | 1017.2 | 1270499.5 | 489874.5* | − 2.32 | .020 |
| Other cities | 1079.1 | 899986.5 | ||||
| Stress | Amman | 1023.9 | 1278932.5 | 498307.5 | − 1.67 | .093 |
| Other cities | 1069.0 | 891553.5 | ||||
| DASS subscales by employment | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | U | Z | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | Employed | 989.6 | 612576.0 | 421686.0** | − 3.05 | .002 |
| Unemployed | 1078.0 | 1599780.0 | ||||
| Anxiety | Employed | 1037.7 | 642386.5 | 450496.5 | − .70 | .484 |
| Unemployed | 1057.9 | 1569969.5 | ||||
| Stress | Employed | 992.5 | 614369.0 | 422479.0** | − 2.90 | .004 |
| Unemployed | 1076.8 | 1597987.0 |
DASS depression anxiety stress scale, SD standard deviation, U Mann-Whitney U test statistic, Z critical value of the Z distribution
*p < .05
**p < .01
***p < .001