TABLE 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors of participants at baseline (N = 321).
| Characteristic | Frequency (%)† |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hrHPV negative N = 241 |
hrHPV positive N = 80 |
Overall N = 321 |
||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 44 | 39–50 | 42 | 37–49 | 44 | 38–50 |
| Age bands (years) | ||||||
| 22–29 | 11 | 4.6 | 10 | 12.5 | 21 | 6.5 |
| 30–45 | 121 | 50.2 | 36 | 45.0 | 157 | 48.9 |
| 46–60 | 89 | 36.9 | 32 | 40.0 | 121 | 37.7 |
| > 60 | 20 | 8.3 | 2 | 2.5 | 22 | 6.9 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Divorced | 23 | 9.5 | 14 | 17.5 | 37 | 11.5 |
| Married | 107 | 44.4 | 31 | 38.8 | 138 | 43.0 |
| Separated | 10 | 4.1 | 3 | 3.8 | 13 | 4.1 |
| Single | 31 | 12.9 | 7 | 8.8 | 38 | 11.8 |
| Widowed | 70 | 29.1 | 25 | 31.3 | 95 | 29.6 |
| Gravidity | ||||||
| 0 | 7 | 2.9 | 4 | 5.0 | 11 | 3.4 |
| 1–3 | 144 | 59.8 | 47 | 58.8 | 191 | 59.5 |
| > 3 | 90 | 37.3 | 29 | 36.3 | 119 | 37.1 |
| Contraception | ||||||
| Hormonal | 64 | 26.6 | 29 | 36.3 | 93 | 29.0 |
| Non-hormonal | 47 | 19.5 | 20 | 25.0 | 67 | 20.9 |
| None | 130 | 53.9 | 31 | 38.8 | 161 | 50.2 |
| Education | ||||||
| None | 12 | 5.0 | 6 | 7.5 | 18 | 5.6 |
| Primary school | 39 | 16.2 | 13 | 16.3 | 52 | 16.2 |
| High school | 153 | 63.5 | 52 | 65.0 | 205 | 63.9 |
| Tertiary education | 37 | 15.4 | 9 | 11.3 | 46 | 14.3 |
| Age of sexual debut | ||||||
| < 13 | 3 | 1.2 | 2 | 15.0 | 5 | 1.6 |
| 13–16 | 23 | 9.5 | 15 | 63.8 | 38 | 11.8 |
| 17–21 | 156 | 64.7 | 51 | 18.8 | 207 | 64.5 |
| > 21 | 59 | 24.5 | 12 | 2.5 | 71 | 22.2 |
| Partner HIV status | ||||||
| Negative | 40 | 16.6 | 10 | 12.5 | 50 | 15.6 |
| Positive | 123 | 51.0 | 40 | 50.0 | 163 | 50.8 |
| Unknown | 78 | 32.4 | 30 | 37.5 | 108 | 33.6 |
| VIA‡: At HPV screening | ||||||
| Positive | 3 | 1.2 | 6 | 7.5 | 9 | 2.8 |
| Negative | 237 | 98.3 | 74 | 92.5 | 311 | 96.9 |
| Missing | 1 | 0.4 | - | - | 1 | 0.3 |
| Historical VIA outcomes 2 years prior to HPV sample | ||||||
| All negative | 226 | 93.8 | 57 | 28.8 | 283 | 11.8 |
| Any positive | 15 | 6.2 | 23 | 71.3 | 38 | 88.1 |
| Historical STI’s 2 years prior to HPV sample | ||||||
| Any STI | 202 | 16.2 | 59 | 26.2 | 261 | 18.7 |
| Non-Viral STI | 39 | 83.8 | 21 | 73.8 | 60 | 81.3 |
| Duration of ART (years), median (IQR) | 7.6 | 4.6–10.5 | 8.0 | 3.5–11.0 | 7.8 | 4.4–10.8 |
| Viral load status§ (copies/mL) | ||||||
| < 50 | 218 | 90.5 | 65 | 81.3 | 283 | 3.4 |
| 50–199 | 10 | 4.2 | 5 | 6.3 | 15 | 2.8 |
| 200–1000 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 3.8 | 3 | 0.9 |
| > 1000 | 6 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.8 | 9 | 4.8 |
| Missing | 7 | 2.9 | 4 | 5.0 | 11 | 88.2 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 515 | 360–685 | 481 | 354–622 | 513 | 354–677 |
| < 200 | 10 | 4.2 | 4 | 5.0 | 14 | 4.4 |
| ≥ 200 | 231 | 95.9 | 76 | 95.0 | 307 | 95.6 |
| ART regimen | ||||||
| ART naïve | 4 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 1.3 |
| First line | 200 | 83.0 | 56 | 70.0 | 256 | 81.0 |
| Second line | 36 | 14.9 | 24 | 30.0 | 60 | 18.7 |
| Third line | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.3 |
VIA, visual inspection with acetic acid; ART, antiretroviral therapy; IQR, interquartile range; hrHPV, high-risk HPV; HPV, Human papillomavirus; STI, sexually transmitted infection.
†
, Frequency unless otherwise stated.
‡
, One patient had cytology instead of VIA at HPV screen.
§
, Eleven patients did not have viral load.