Table 5.
Sociodemographic and immunization-related characteristics across maternal latent classes (n = 259 627).
| Sociodemographic variable | Class 1 Higher risk (n = 83 610, 32%) | Class 2 Medium risk (n = 117 674, 45%) | Class 3 Lower risk (n = 58 343, 23%) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fully immunized | 45 863 (54.9) | 80 837 (68.7) | 44 487 (76.3) | |
| Maternal age in years | <0.001 | |||
| <20 | 1615 (1.9) | 4709 (4.0) | 375 (1.0) | |
| 20–24 | 17 433 (20.9) | 47 907 (40.7) | 12 837 (22.0) | |
| 25–29 | 29 528 (35.3) | 44 890 (38.2) | 24 978 (42.8) | |
| 30–34 | 19 499 (23.3) | 15 291 (13.0) | 14 215 (24.4) | |
| >35 | 15 535 (18.6) | 4877 (4.1) | 5938 (10.2) | |
| Religion | <0.001 | |||
| Hindu | 60 951 (72.9) | 87 162 (74.1) | 39 460 (67.6) | |
| Muslim | 14 157 (16.9) | 15 909 (13.5) | 10 884 (18.7) | |
| Other | 8502 (10.2) | 14 603 (12.4) | 7999 (13.7) | |
| Geographic setting | <0.001 | |||
| Urban | 3474 (4.2) | 18 571 (15.8) | 36 080 (61.8) | |
| Rural | 77 046 (92.2) | 91 964 (78.2) | 18 731 (32.1) | |
| Not a de jure resident | 3090 (3.7) | 7139 (6.1) | 3532 (6.1) | |
| Maternal education | <0.001 | |||
| None | 62 220 (74.4) | 15 821 (13.44) | 3046 (5.2) | |
| Incomplete primary | 7726 (9.2) | 8613 (7.3) | 601 (1.0) | |
| Complete primary | 6585 (7.9) | 12 369 (10.5) | 2044 (3.5) | |
| Incomplete secondary | 6903 (8.3) | 66 652 (56.6) | 21 813 (37.4) | |
| Complete secondary | 132 (0.2) | 9988 (8.5) | 11 158 (19.1) | |
| Higher | 44 (0.1) | 4231 (3.6) | 19 681 (33.7) | |
| Socioeconomic status | <0.001 | |||
| Poorest | 58 407 (69.9) | 10 289 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Poorer | 21 285 (25.5) | 40 151 (34.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Middle | 3402 (4.1) | 46 733 (39.7) | 1627 (2.8) | |
| Richer | 399 (0.5) | 20 386 (17.3) | 22 161 (38.0) | |
| Richest | 117 (0.1) | 115 (0.1) | 34 555 (59.2) | |
| Ease reaching health facility | <0.001 | |||
| No problem | 11 278 (13.5) | 33 617 (28.6) | 34 880 (59.8) | |
| Not a significant problem | 26 531 (31.7) | 45 556 (38.7) | 16 331 (28.0) | |
| Significant problem | 45 801 (54.8) | 38 501 (32.7) | 7132 (12.2) | |
| Antenatal care | <0.001 | |||
| No visits | 23 666 (28.3) | 7500 (6.4) | 2476 (4.2) | |
| Insufficient <4 visits | 24 074 (28.8) | 31 616 (26.9) | 10 274 (17.6) | |
| Sufficient ≥4 visits | 9089 (10.9) | 47 412 (40.3) | 34 791 (59.6) | |
| Not reported | 26 781 (32.0) | 31 146 (26.5) | 10 802 (18.5) | |
| Caste | <0.001 | |||
| SC/ST | 6385 (7.6) | 19 200 (16.3) | 19 434 (33.3) | |
| OBC | 42 976 (51.4) | 46 379 (39.4) | 11 895 (20.4) | |
| General | 30 937 (37.0) | 46 319 (39.4) | 24 530 (42.0) | |
| Not reported | 3312 (4.0) | 5776 (4.9) | 2484 (4.3) | |
| Skilled attendant at delivery | <0.001 | |||
| No | 49 889 (59.7) | 30 186 (25.7) | 8442 (14.5) | |
| Yes | 33 616 (40.2) | 87 452 (74.3) | 49 884 (85.5) |
SC/ST, Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes; OBC, Other Backward Class.