Fig. 7.

Hydrophilicity, cell behaviors and osteogenic differentiation on the surface of three samples. (a) Water contact angle measurements. (b, c) CLSM images showing the attachment and morphology of MC3T3-E1. White scale bar = 200 nm, yellow scale bar = 50 nm, blue bar = 5 μm. (d) Quantification of attached cell counts. (e) Cell viability of MC3T3-E1 as measured by CCK-8. (f) Relative mRNA expression of four osteogenic genes. (g, h) The ALP activity staining and quantification. (i, j) The calcium nodules formation evaluation by Alizarin Red staining and semi-quantification. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)