Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Non-frail (n = 237) | Frail (n = 51) | p* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||
| Sex, female, n (%) | 62 (26) | 27 (53) | <0.001 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 70 (63;75) | 78 (72;83) | <0.001 |
| Living alone, n (%) | 52 (22) | 22 (43) | 0.002 |
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Reduced pulmonary functiona, n (%) | 85 (36) | 24 (47) | 0.135 |
| EuroScore II ≥ 4, n (%) | 50 (21) | 23 (45) | <0.001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate ml/min.b ≤ 60, n (%) | 53 (22) | 25 (49) | <0.001 |
| Prior cardiac surgery, n (%) | 24 (11) | 11 (22) | 0.030 |
| Permanent pacemaker, n (%) | 11 (5) | <5 | 0.720 |
| Ejection fraction ≤ 50%, n (%) | 73 (31) | 19 (37) | 0.370 |
| NYHA class ≥ 2, n (%) | 223 (94) | 50 (98) | 0.484 |
| Body Mass Index, median (IQR) | 26 (23;29) | 26 (22;28) | 0.064 |
| Type of valve procedure, n (%) | |||
| Aortic valve, surgical replacement or repair | 186 (79) | 31 (61) | 0.008 |
| TAVRf (transaortic/ transapical) | 11 (5) | 11 (22) | <0.001 |
| Mitral valve, surgical replacement or repair | 39 (17) | 9 (18) | 0.836 |
| Concomitant CABG + aortic valve surgery | 39 (17) | 9 (18) | 0.836 |
| Concomitant CABG + mitral valve surgery | 6 (3) | <5 | 0.584 |
| Post-operatively | |||
| Re-operation, n (%) | 14 (6) | 9 (18) | 0.010 |
| Length of stay, intensive care unit, median (IQR) | 1 (1;1) | 1 (1;2) | <0.001 |
| Length of stay, median (IQR) | 9 (7;11) | 12 (8;19) | <0.001 |
P < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant.
a
Forced expiratory volume,% ≤80% of predicted value and/or a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
b
Estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault Equation.