Table 1.
Group distribution of prenatally detected cardiac malformations.
| Indication for fetal echocardiography | Total number of cases studied | Number of cases with CHD | Prevalence per 1000 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal risk factors | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 80 | 2 | |
| Autoimmune disorder | 1 | 0 | |
| Fever with rash during first trimester | 2 | 0 | |
| Teratogen exposure | 1 | 0 | |
| Family history of CHD in first degree relatives of fetus | 20 | 1 | |
| Subjects with at least 1 maternal risk factor | 104 | 02 | 19.2 |
| Subject with no maternal risk factor |
1341 |
10 |
7.5 |
| FETAL RISK FACTORS | |||
| Extra-cardiac organ malformation/s | 39 | 0 | |
| Cardiac malformation suspected during obstetric scanning | 14 | 5 | |
| Twin pregnancy | 34 | 0 | |
| Oligohydramnios | 3 | 0 | |
| Polyhydramnios | 8 | 0 | |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | 10 | 0 | |
| Fetal hydrops | 2 | 0 | |
| Tachyarrhythmia | 71 | 0 | |
| Bradyarrhythmia | 3 | 0 | |
| Subjects with at least 1 fetal risk factor | 174 | 5 | 28.7 |
| Subjects with no fetal risk factor |
1271 |
7 |
5.5 |
| Subject with at least one conventional risk factor (fetal/maternal) |
262 |
6 |
22.9 |
| Subjects with no conventional (fetal/maternal) risk factor | 1183 | 6 | 5.1 |
CHD – congenital heart disease.