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. 2020 Nov 16;10:19917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77085-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantitation of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of CUMS rats intravenously administrated with dose gradients. Samples of hippocampus were collected after sacrifice of the rats (at the time point shown in Fig. 1) and immediately transferred to liquid nitrogen. Neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of CUMS rats after sacrifice were quantified by HPLC–ESI–MS/MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). The quantified neurotransmitters included dopamine (a), norepinephrine (b), dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (c), 3-methoxytyramine (d), homovanillic acid (e), gama-aminobyteric acid (f), tryptophan (g), serotonin (h), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (i), kynurenine (j), 3-hydroxykynurenine (k), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (l), and melatonin (m). A nonparametric t-test was applied to determine the statistical significance of differences between groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.