Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics by Quintile of Growth Differentiation Factor‐15 (N=2873)
| Overall (N=2873) | Quintile 1 ≤856 pg/mL (N=579) | Quintile 2 857 to 1200 pg/mL (N=570) | Quintile 3 1201 to 1570 pg/mL (N=575) | Quintile 4 1571 to 2220 pg/mL (N=574) | Quintile 5 >2220 pg/mL (N=575) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age | 59 (10.8) | 53 (11.3) | 58 (11.0) | 60 (10.5) | 62 (9.2) | 62 (9.0) |
| Male | 1558 (54) | 287 (50) | 304 (53) | 315 (55) | 313 (55) | 339 (59) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non‐Hispanic white | 1314 (46) | 334 (58) | 266 (47) | 277 (48) | 237 (41) | 200 (35) |
| Non‐Hispanic black | 1111 (39) | 192 (33) | 222 (39) | 209 (36) | 242 (42) | 246 (43) |
| Hispanic | 324 (11) | 30 (5) | 48 (8) | 72 (13) | 69 (12) | 105 (18) |
| Other | 124 (4) | 23 (4) | 34 (6) | 17 (3) | 26 (5) | 24 (4) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 806 (28) | 68 (12) | 120 (21) | 175 (30) | 218 (38) | 225 (39) |
| Myocardial infarction/prior revascularization | 530 (18) | 47 (8) | 82 (14) | 108 (19) | 143 (25) | 150 (26) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 121 (4) | 14 (2) | 22 (4) | 30 (5) | 23 (4) | 32 (6) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 419 (15) | 70 (12) | 65 (11) | 84 (15) | 94 (16) | 106 (18) |
| Stroke | 269 (9) | 19 (3) | 39 (7) | 59 (10) | 78 (14) | 74 (13) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1341 (47) | 100 (17) | 207 (36) | 295 (51) | 338 (59) | 401 (70) |
| Clinical variables | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 126.4 (21.3) | 118.5 (18.2) | 123.5 (19.5) | 125.8 (19.8) | 130.8 (21.9) | 133.8 (23.4) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32 (7.6) | 31 (7.2) | 32 (7.5) | 33 (7.6) | 32 (7.7) | 32 (7.8) |
| Current smoking | 340 (12) | 26 (4) | 45 (8) | 67 (12) | 94 (16) | 108 (19) |
| Laboratory variables | ||||||
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration), mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 43.2 (15.7) | 58.1 (13.3) | 46.4 (12.2) | 41.1 (12.5) | 37.3 (13.2) | 32.6 (13.8) |
| Urinary protein to creatinine ratio from 24 h urine test | 117 (52–602) | 60 (39–107) | 92 (48–332) | 123 (54–530) | 178 (62–905) | 448 (121–1958) |
| Ejection fraction, % | 55.3 (7.3) | 55.2 (7.1) | 55.8 (7.1) | 55.4 (7.1) | 55.3 (7.4) | 54.5 (7.7) |
| Left ventricular mass index, g | 62.8 (22.3) | 54.6 (20.1) | 59.7 (19.8) | 63.2 (20.7) | 66.5 (22.2) | 71.9 (24.9) |
| Medications | ||||||
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | 1972 (69) | 314 (54) | 411 (72) | 427 (74) | 423 (74) | 397 (69) |
| Diuretics | 1616 (56) | 204 (35) | 290 (51) | 353 (61) | 373 (65) | 396 (69) |
| Beta blockers | 1349 (47) | 173 (30) | 259 (45) | 276 (48) | 315 (55) | 326 (57) |
Entries are mean (SD) for continuous covariates or N (%) for categorical covariates, except as noted.