Figure 3. αSMA and RAGE were colocalized, part of which were costained with ALP, osteocalcin, and SMemb in calcified aortic stenosis valves.
A and B, Immunofluorescence imaging of αSMA and RAGE in aortic stenosis patients (n=6) and controls (n=2). C, Immunofluorescent staining of ALP (n=5), osteocalcin (n=5), and SMemb (n=2) in aortic stenosis valves. TOPRO‐3 was used for nuclear staining. αSMA indicates α–smooth muscle actin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products; and SMemb, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain.