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ESWT could possibly promote the cartilage regeneration by activating chondrocytes, and decrease the number of osteophytes; it can also increase osteocytes activity and decrease the CGRP+ sensory nerve fibers in the subchondral bone; besides, ESWT could alleviate chronic inflammatory activities in the whole joint through down-regulating inflammatory cytokines. Overall, ESWT could reverse the pathology of OA progression to some extent.
