Table 1.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of imatinib in different groups
| Parameter (unit) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax (ng/mL) | tmax (h) | t0.5 (h) | (ng.h/mL) | MRT (h) | Vz/F (mL/kg) | CL/F (mL/h/kg) | |
| Imatinib only | 6399.6 ± 3162.8 | 4.8 ± 2.3 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 105,160.8 ± 75,643.2 | 11.1 ± 4.8 | 6.1 × 10− 3 ± 7.8 × 10− 3 | 0.6 × 10− 3 ± 0.7 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + KTZ | 2320.5* ± 448.8 | 13.5 ± 11.0 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 52,747.1 ± 9652.7 | 17.5 ± 5.4 | 5.0 × 10− 3 ± 1.4 × 10− 3 | 0.6 × 10− 3 ± 0.1 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + l-GS | 5153.2 ± 1902.4 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 59,233.8 ± 15,601.1 | 7.4 ± 0.5 | 4.4 × 10− 3 ± 1.3 × 10− 3 | 0.5 × 10− 3 ± 0.2 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + h-GS | 2487.3* ± 1141.8 | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 5.2* ± 0.6 | 29,229.5* ± 10,979.2 | 7.7 ± 1.0 | 9.0 × 10− 3 ± 4.4 × 10− 3 | 1.2 × 10− 3 ± 0.4 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + l-GT | 2972.3* ± 1686.6 | 5.5 ± 2.2 | 5.0* ± 0.3 | 38,387.3* ± 17,570.8 | 9.8 ± 2.8 | 6.5 × 10− 3 ± 2.5 × 10− 3 | 0.9 × 10− 3 ± 0.4 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + h-GT | 3225.6* ± 611.7 | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 5.2* ± 0.6 | 42,764.2 ± 6215.1 | 8.5 ± 1.6 | 5.4 × 10−3 ± 1.1 × 10− 3 | 0.7 × 10− 3 ± 0.1 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + l-GS and l-GT | 9403.7†‡ ± 1500.3 | 4.7 ± 2.0 | 6.3†‡ ± 0.3 | 151,343.8†‡ ± 27,244.5 | 12.8† ± 2.9 | 1.8 × 10–3† ± 0.3 × 10− 3 | 0.2 × 10− 3 ± 0.0 |
| Imatinib + h-GS and h-GT | 3711.8# ± 2546.6 | 5.0 ± 2.7 | 4.8*# ± 0.7 | 50,340.5# ± 34,035.6 | 7.7# ± 0.6 | 8.2 × 10−3 ± 7.6 × 10− 3 | 1.3 × 10− 3 ± 1.3 × 10− 3 |
Pharmacokinetic parameters of imatinib after imatinib (30 mg/kg) administration alone (control), with ketoconazole (KTZ; 75 mg/kg), with a single low dose of grape seed (GS) or green tea (GT) extracts (l-GS or l-GT; 50 mg/kg), with a single high dose of GS or GT extracts (l-GS or l-GT; 100 mg/kg), or with a single co-administered low dose of both GS and GT extracts, or with a single co-administered high dose of both GS and GT extracts. Data: mean ± SD (n = 5–6)
*p-value < 0.05, compared to control (i.e. imatinib only)
#p-value < 0.05, when compared to the low dose of each designated group
†p-value < 0.05, when “imatinib+ l-GS and l-GT” group is compared to l-GS group
‡p-value < 0.05, when “Imatinib+ l-GS and l-GT” group is compared to l-GT group