Table 2.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of N-desmethyl imatinib in different groups
| Parameter (unit) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax (ng/mL) | tmax (h) | t0.5 (h) | (ng.h/mL) | MRT (h) | Vz/F (mL/kg) | CL/F (mL/h/kg) | |
| Imatinib only | 465.6 ± 94.0 | 6.7 ± 2.1 | 6.6 ± 0.5 | 7143.3 ± 2165.3 | 11.6 ± 3.8 | 4.31 × 10− 3 ± 13.8 × 10− 3 | 4.5 × 10− 3 ± 1.4 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + KTZ | 79.9* ± 15.8 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 9.9 ± 4.4 | 1724.8* ± 690.7 | 18.0* ± 3.6 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 19.2 × 10− 3* ± 6.1 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + l-GS | 408.8 ± 113.6 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 4638.9* ± 825.6 | 8.0* ± 0.9 | 60.1 ± 13.9 × 10− 3 | 6.6 × 10− 3 ± 1.2 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + h-GS | 149.8*# ± 45.3 | 4.7 ± 2.0 | 7.1 ± 0.9 | 1926.6*# ± 526.0 | 9.5 ± 1.0 | 0.2*# ± 0.1 | 16.7 × 10− 3*# ± 5.0 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + l-GT | 96.4* ± 41.1 | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 8.0* ± 0.7 | 1351.8* ± 455.7 | 11.2 ± 1.8 | 0.3* ± 0.1 | 25.0 × 10−3* ± 10.5 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + h-GT | 170.8* ± 119.8 | 5.2 ± 2.6 | 7.6* ± 0.5 | 2547.9* ± 1905.0 | 11.9 ± 2.6 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 19.5 × 10−3* ± 13.4 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + l-GS and l-GT | 472.7‡ ± 72.2 | 5.8 ± 2.6 | 8.1† ± 0.6 | 8252.7†‡ ± 1207.8 | 12.8† ± 2.3 | 42.6 × 10−3 ± 4.2 × 10− 3 | 3.7 × 10− 3 ± 0.5 × 10− 3 |
| Imatinib + h-GS and h-GT | 132.9*# ± 95.3 | 4.8 ± 2.2 | 10.3*#$§ ± 1.8 | 1995.6*# ± 1326.6 | 11.9 ± 2.3 | 0.4*# ± 0.3 | 24.0 × 10−3*# ± 18.4 × 10− 3 |
Pharmacokinetic parameters of N-desmethyl imatinib after imatinib (30 mg/kg) administration alone (control), with ketoconazole (KTZ; 75 mg/kg), with a single low dose of grape seed (GS) or green tea (GT) extracts (l-GS or l-GT; 50 mg/kg), with a single high dose of GS or GT extracts (l-GS or l-GT; 100 mg/kg), or with a single co-administered low dose of both GS and GT extracts, or with a single co-administered high dose of both GS and GT extracts. Data: mean ± SD (n = 4–6)
*p-value < 0.05, compared to control (i.e. imatinib only)
#p-value < 0.05, when compared to low dose of each designated group
†p-value < 0.05, when “imatinib+ l-GS and l-GT” group is compared to l-GS group
‡p-value < 0.05, when “imatinib+ l-GS and l-GT” group is compared to l-GT group
$p-value < 0.05, when “imatinib+ h-GS and h-GT” group is compared to h-GS group
§p-value < 0.05, when “imatinib+ h-GS and h-GT” group is compared to h-GT group