TABLE 2: Risk factors associated with infection and colonization caused by A. baumannii in pediatric and neonatal ICUs.
| Study | Place of study | Study period | No. of patients | Cases | Controls | Risk factors | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRITO et al., 2010 | Brazil | 2001-2002 | 33 | 11 patients with infectious conditions caused by AB. | 22 patients without infectious conditions caused by AB. | Birth weight <2500 grams, respiratory syndromes, parental feeding, re-intubation, carbapenem use, and mechanical ventilation. | P < 0.05 |
| DENG et al., 2011 | China | 2002-2008 | 349 | 117 patients with PAVM caused by AB. | 232 patients without PAVM caused by AB. | Use of mechanical ventilation> 7 days. | P < 0.01 |
| HSU et al., 2014 | Taiwan | 2004-2010 | 248 | 37 patients with bacteremia caused by AB. | 74 patients without bacteremia and 137 patients with bacteremia caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella spp. | Cholestasis, gestational age < 29 weeks. | P < 0.05 |
| LEE et al., 2017 | China | 2004-2014 | 40 | 37 patients with AB susceptible to imipenem | 3 patients with AB resistant to imipenem | Prematurity, low birth weight (70% < 1500 g), prolonged intubation, percutaneous use of central venous catheter, inappropriate initial therapy, infection within the first 10 days of life, use of imipenem for up to 5 days, and high frequency oscillation ventilation. | P < 0.05 |
| PUNPANICH et al., 2012 | Thailand | 2005-2010 | 176 | 91 patients with bacteremia caused by CRAB. | 85 patients with bacteremia caused by CSAB. | Prematurity, use of mechanical ventilation, previous exposure to carbapenems. | P < 0.05 |
| HOSOGLU et al., 2012 | Turkey | 2006-2007 | 192 | 64 patients with AB sepsis. | 128 patients with blood samples without AB. | Stay in the ICU> 7 days, re-intubation. | P < 0.001 |
| De OLIVEIRA COSTA et al., 2015 | Brazil | 2009-2012 | 101 | 47 patients with infection caused by BGN. | 54 patients without infection caused by BGN. | Hematologic diseases, neutropenia > 3 days, previous use of antibiotics, previous hospitalization, stay in the ICU > 3 days. | P < 0.05 |
| THATRIMONTRICHAI et al., 2013 | Thailand | 2009-2014 | 101 | 63 patients with CRAB pneumonia and 13 patients with CSAB. | 25 patients with pneumonia without bacterial growth or caused by other microorganisms. | Weight of newborns, previous use of cephalosporins, surfactant replacement therapy, re-intubation, umbilical artery catheterization. | P < 0.05 |
| REDDY et al., 2015 | South Africa | 2010 | 388 | 194 patients with blood culture or respiratory sample positive for AB. | 194 patients with blood culture or negative respiratory sample for AB. | Mechanical ventilation and traumatic brain injury. | P < 0.05 |
| ZARRILLI et al., 2012 | Italy | 2010-2011 | 161 | 22 patients with AB. | 139 patients without AB in the first 48 h. | Use of mechanical ventilation and central venous catheter. | |
| TRAN et al., 2015 | Vietnam | 2010-2011 | 2555 | 69 patients with sepsis caused by AB. | 2486 patients without sepsis caused by AB. | Maternal infection, gestational age, central catheter, surgical procedure, and blood transfusion. | P < 0.05 |
| KUMAR et al., 2014 | India | 2010-2012 | 65 | 33 patients with CRAB bloodstream infection. | 32 patients without CSAB bloodstream infection. | Previous use of antibiotics, hospitalization > 7 days, use of mechanical ventilation > 7 days. | P < 0.05 |
| WEI et al., 2014 | Taiwan | 2010-2013 | 59 | 12 deaths due to sepsis caused by MDRAB. | 47 deaths due to sepsis caused by other microorganisms. | Prolonged intubation, mechanical ventilation, peripheral central venous catheter, umbilical catheter, total parental nutrition, ICU stay > 7 days, surgical procedure, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | P < 0.05 |
| MACIEL et al., 2017 | Brazil | 2013-2015 | 21 | 21 patients with AB colonization without clinical manifestation. | 17 patients without sepsis. | Low birth weight, prematurity, hospitalization time, previous exposure to beta-lactams, use of peripheral access, and respiratory syndromes. | P < 0.05 |
AB: A. baumannii; PAVM: pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation; CRAB: carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii; CSAB: carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii; BGN: gram-negative bacillus; MDRAB: multidrug-resistant A. baumannii; ICU: intensive care unit.