Table 1.

Quantitative evidence synthesis for mortality outcomes

Subgroup categories	No of SRs in MA	No of original studies in MA	No of participants in MA	Random-effects pooled RR [95% CI]	I-squared [%]	Prediction interval	Median effect size [IQR]
Disease type
CVD	8	166	24,275	0.85 [0.76, 0.96]	38.5	0.65, 1.12	0.93 [0.74, 1.00]
Others	2	21	3395	0.97 [0.65, 1.45]	0.0	–	1.03 [0.93, 1.12]
Type of exercise
Aerobic exercise	2	70	15,067	0.85 [0.67, 1.08]	77.9	0.07, 11.13	0.96 [0.74, 1.01]
Multiple exercise	3	20	1265	0.99 [0.21, 4.61]	0.0	0.00, 21,076.80	1.00 [0.40, 4.46]
Other exercise	3	52	4022	0.75 [0.51, 1.10]	26.4	0.03, 20.65	0.92 [0.54, 0.93]
Not reported	2	45	7317	0.90 [0.78, 1.03]	0.0	0.37, 2.15	0.93 [0.88, 1.12]
Duration of intervention
Up to 12 months	4	27	1845	1.00 [0.32, 3.15]	0.00	0.08, 12.41	1.00 [0.70, 2.73]
More than 12 months	4	140	23,638	0.88 [0.78, 0.99]	47.1	0.65, 1.18	0.93 [0.88, 0.96]
Not reported	2	20	2187	0.72 [0.42, 1.22]	59.5	–	0.74 [0.54, 0.93]
Session length
Up to 60 mins	3	25	2212	0.56 [0.35, 0.91]	0.0	0.02, 12.98	0.54 [0.40, 4.46]
More than 60 mins	5	141	22,063	0.88 [0.79, 0.97]	34.7	0.69, 1.11	0.96 [0.92, 1.00]
Not reported	2	21	3395				1.03 [0.93, 1.12]
Frequency per week
Up to 3 times	2	43	3204	0.63 [0.39, 1.00]	9.4	–	0.73 [0.54, 0.92]
More than 3 times	5	121	20,887	0.87 [0.78, 0.98]	37.8	0.68, 1.13	0.93 [0.88, 1.00]
Not reported	3	23	3543	1.00 [0.67, 1.48]	0.0	0.08, 12.81	1.03 [0.93, 1.12]
Evidence quality
Very low to low	6	50	5791	0.70 [0.47, 1.04]	0.0	0.40, 1.23	1.00 [0.54, 1.12]
Moderate	4	137	21,879	0.88 [0.79, 0.98]	45.6	0.66, 1.17	0.93 [0.88, 0.93]
Risk of bias (RoB)
Low	3	77	9152	0.90 [0.78, 1.02]	0.0	0.67, 1.20	0.93 [0.90, 1.03]
High	5	90	16,331	0.86 [0.69, 1.06]	52.9	0.52, 1.41	0.98 [0.74, 1.01]
Unclear	2	20	2187	0.72 [0.42, 1.22]	59.5	–	0.74 [0.54, 0.93]
Overall	10	187	27,671	0.87 [0.78, 0.96]	26.6	0.70, 1.07	0.93 [0.81, 1.00]

Footnote: MA meta-analysis, RR relative risk, CI confidence interval, IQR interquartile range