Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics between SC and TCC groups
| Characteristic | SC (n = 58) | TCC (n = 63) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year* | 5.3 (0.75–17.8) | 3.5 (0.5–17.0) | 0.732 |
| Male, n (%) | 35 (60.3) | 34 (54.0) | 0.479 |
| Body weight, kg* | 17.0 (7.0–55.0) | 14.5 (5.5–64.0) | 0.601 |
| Symptomatic patients, n (%) | 9 (15.5) | 5 (7.9) | 0.193 |
| Clinical signs | |||
| NYHA I-II, n (%) | 51 (87.9) | 59 (93.7) | 0.437 |
| NYHA III-IV, n (%) | 7 (12.1) | 4 (6.3) | 0.437 |
| Cardiac murmur, n (%) | 56 (96.6) | 60 (95.2) | 1 |
| ECG abnormalitya, n (%) | 23 (39.6) | 19 (30.2) | 0.273 |
| CXR abnormalityb, n (%) | 12 (20.7) | 9 (14.3) | 0.353 |
| Pre-operation LVEF, %* | 70 (61–88) | 70 (59–83) | 0.335 |
| Fistula anatomic feature | |||
| Fistula origin | |||
| Right coronary artery, n (%) | 30 (51.7) | 41 (65.1) | 0.468 |
| Left main coronary artery, n (%) | 16 (27.6) | 11 (17.5) | |
| Left anterior descending, n (%) | 5 (8.6) | 4 (6.3) | |
| Circumflex, n (%) | 7 (12.1) | 7 (11.1) | |
| Fistula drainage | |||
| Right atrium, n (%) | 20 (34.5) | 52 (82.5) | < 0.001 |
| Right ventricle, n (%) | 32 (55.2) | 6 (9.5) | |
| Left atrium, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.6) | |
| Left ventricle, n (%) | 6 (10.3) | 3 (4.8) | |
| Superior vena cava, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Minimum diameter, mm* | 4.7 (2.0–12.0) | 3.5 (1.6–10.0) | 0.003 |
| Maximum diameter, mm* | 7.0 (4.0–15.0) | 7.0 (4.0–14.0) | 0.068 |
| Fistula type | |||
| Proximal, n (%) | 23 (39.7) | 36 (57.1) | 0.055 |
| Distal, n (%) | 35 (60.3) | 27 (42.9) | |
| Presence of visible thrombus, n (%) | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 0.479 |
SC surgical closure, TCC transcatheter closure, NYHA New York Heart Association, ECG electrocardiogram, CXR chest X-ray, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
*Presented as median (range)
aAtrial flutter/fibrillation, right bundle branch block, T wave inversion > 2 leads, ST segment depression > 0.5 mm at least 2 leads, premature atrial or ventricular complex
bCardiac enlargement and/or increased pulmonary vasculature