Table 1.
Immunological markers and their potential predictive value in food AIT.
| Biomarker | Predictor for successful AIT* | Marker during/at the end of AIT | Marker for SU |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional tests | |||
| SPT | + (↓) | +++ (↓) | +(↓) |
| CD63 (BAT) | + (↓) | +++ (↓) | + (↓) |
| Humoral responses | |||
| sIgE | + (↓) | +++ (↑→↓) Early increase followed by decrease |
+ (↓) |
| sIgE/total IgE ratio | + (↓) | (+)(↓) | ++ (↓) |
| Specific IgG4 | + (↑) | +++ (↑) | ++ (↑) |
| IgG4/IgE ratio | (+)(↑) | +++ (↑) | ++ (↑) |
| IgA | +/- (↑ and ↓) | +++ (↑) | (+) (↑) |
*The smaller (↓) or higher (↑) the better chance of success.
+indicates the biomarker changes during AIT or differs between responders vs. no-responders.
-indicates the biomarker does not change during AIT or does not differ between responders vs. no-responders
+, one study/weak evidence.
++, two studies/medium level of evidence.
+++, at least three studies showing the same thing/strong evidence.
This table only lists immunological markers that were reported to have predictive value for desensitization (successful AIT), sustained unresponsiveness (SU), or that showed significant changers during AIT in at least two studies.