Table 3.

Univariate analyses of possible co-factors related to COVID-19 infection.

Characteristic (n = 688)	COVID-19 (−)	COVID-19 (+)	p
Age, years, median (range)	59 (15–88)	57.5 (21–81)	0.251
Age, years	642 (100%)	46 (100%)	0.398
<65	436 (67.9%)	34 (73.9%)
≥65	206 (32.1%)	12 (26.1%)
Co-morbidity	642 (100%)	46 (100%)	0.698
Absent	199 (93.9%)	13 (6.1%)
Present	443 (93.1%)	33 (6.9%)
Co-morbidity types	642 (100%)	46 (100%)
Hypertension	398 (62.0%)	29 (63.0%)	0.887
Diabetes Mellitus⁎	245 (38.1%)	16 (34.7%)	0.648
Chronic pulmonary disease†	189 (29.4%)	11 (23.9%)	0.425
Coronary heart disease	81 (12.6%)	6 (13.0%)	0.993
Chronic renal disease	13 (2.0%)	1 (2.1%)	0.945
Chronic liver disease	1 (0.1%)	0 (0%)	0.789
Severity of co-morbidities	642 (100%)	46 (100%)
Presence of ≥2 co-morbidities	304 (47.3%)	21 (45.6%)	0.823
Presence of ≥3 co-morbidities	121 (18.8%)	7 (15.2%)	0.541
Presence of ≥4 co-morbidities	25 (3.7%)	1 (2.1%)	0.555
Type of surgeries	642 (100%)	46 (100%)	0.703
Major surgery	85 (13.2%)	7 (15.2%)
Complex-major surgery	557 (86.8%)	39 (84.8%)
Type of anesthesia	642 (100%)	46 (100%)
General anesthesia	621 (96.7%)	44
Regional anesthesia	21 (3.3%)	2
Surgical approach	642 (100%)	46 (100%)	0.628
Open surgery	590 (91.9%)	44 (95.6%)
MIS	48 (7.4%)	2 (4.4%)
Conversion from MIS to open	4 (0.6%)	0 (0%)
Lymphadenectomy	642 (100%)	46 (100%)	0.786
Performed	520	37
Not performed	122	9
Length of hospital stay, days, median (range)	5 (1–37)	5 (1–28)	0.177
Length of hospital stay	642 (100%)	46 (100%)	0.299
<5 days	302 (47.0%)	18 (39.1%)
≥5 days	340 (53.0%)	28 (60.9%)

Abbreviations: MIS, minimally invasive surgery.

^⁎Need for insulin or oral anti diabetic medication,

^†Including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, other chronic obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases.