Figure 1.

Distribution of different proteins of photosynthetic apparatus embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Systematic scheme of conversion of light energy to chemical energy through photosynthetic electron transport chain between PSII and PSI (based on Gupta et al. 2020 and Huang et al., 2020)

Here PSII – Photosystem II, OEC- the oxygen-evolving complex, PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR – are extrinsic proteins stabilize the structure of OEC, Q_A- primary and secondary quinone electron acceptors of photosystem II, PQ – plastoquinone; b₆f -cytochrome b₆f complex; PC – plastocyanin; PSI – photosystem I, Fd-soluble ferredoxin; FNR-ferredoxin-NADP⁺-reductase. ABS – absorption flux; ET-electron transport flux; TR-trapped excitation flux; RE-electron transport flux until PSI acceptors; φPo–maximum quantum yield of primary PSII photochemistry; ψ Eo–the efficiency/probability that an electron moves further than Q_A; δ Ro – efficiency with which an electron from Q_B is transferred until PSI acceptors; φEo–quantum yield of the electron transport flux from Q_A to Q_B; φRo – the quantum yield for the reduction of end electron acceptors at the PSI and SFI_ABS- structural and functional index on absorption basis.