Table 2.
The Characteristics, Enabling Technology and Proposed Mechanisms of Action for the Lead Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates Intended to Elicit Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV2 S Protein.
| Candidate [Sponsors] | Enabling Technology Platform | Dosing Regimen | Mechanism of Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA-1273 [Moderna/NIAID Catalent] | SARS-CoV2 RNA + cell penetration excipient | Intramuscular 100 μg dose; 2 doses at d 1 & 28 | Viral mRNA seqeunce delivered to host cells to express viral spike protein antigen |
| AD1222-ChAdOx1 [Oxford U/AstraZeneca] | Recombinant Adeno virus with SARS-CoV2 sequence | Intramuscular 5 × 1010 virus; 2 doses at d 1 & 28 | Adeno virus infected host cell is direct to express viral spike protein antigen |
| Ad26.CoV2.S [Harvard Johnson & Johnson] | Recombinant Adeno virus with SARS-CoV2 sequence | Intramuscular; 2 to 3 doses, every 2 or 6 month | Recombinant Adeno virus infected host cell is directed to express viral spike protein antigen |
| BNT162b1(2) [BioNTech Pfizer] | SARS-CoV2 mRNA + cell penetration lipid excipient complex | Intramuscular 10,20,30 or 100μg; 2 doses d 1 & 21. | mRNA fragment of virus that directs host cell to express viral spike protein antigen |
| CoVLP-adjuvanted [Medicago Sanofi/GSK] | Virus like particles coated with SARSCoV2 protein | Intramuscular; 1 or 2 doses with 2 adjuvant variables; d 1 & 22 | Virus spike protein antigen is presented as protein particles without genetic materials; adjuvanted to enhance immune response |
| NVX-Co2373 Adjuvanted [Novavax] | Recombinant SARSCoV2 protein in nanoparticles | Intramuscular; 5 or 25 μg 2 doses; d 1 & 21 | Recombinant virus spike protein antigen is assembled in small nanoparticle adjuvant to boost immune response |