Table 1.
Within- and Cross-Twin Correlations Between Big Three Higher-Order and Lower-Order Personality Traits and Disordered Gambling Risk
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample | Cross-twin | Cross-twin | Cross-twin | |||||
| Within-twin | Within-twin | MZ | DZ | Within-twin | MZ | DZ | OSDZ | |
| Big 3 higher-order personality dimensions | ||||||||
| Positive emotionality | −.06 | −.05 | .03 | .00 | −.07 | −.09 | .02 | −.02 |
| Negative emotionality | .32 | .31 | .18 | .14 | .32 | .28 | .16 | .12 |
| Constraint | −.11 | −.06 | .07 | .03 | −.15 | −.14 | −.03 | −.06 |
| Lower-order dimensions of positive emotionality | ||||||||
| Well being | −.08 | −.04 | −.03 | .05 | −.13 | −.11 | .06 | .03 |
| Social potency | .06 | .05 | .08 | .06 | .08 | .08 | .06 | .03 |
| Achievement | −.05 | −.09 | .06 | −.01 | .00 | .05 | .06 | −.04 |
| Social Closeness | −.10 | −.05 | .02 | −.10 | −.15 | −.26 | −.12 | −.05 |
| Lower-order dimensions of negative emotionality | ||||||||
| Stress reaction | .26 | .26 | .15 | .01 | .26 | .14 | .15 | .08 |
| Alienation | .24 | .24 | .17 | .19 | .24 | .29 | .13 | .10 |
| Aggression | .24 | .20 | .08 | .13 | .25 | .23 | .07 | .03 |
| Lower-order dimensions of constraint | ||||||||
| Self-control | −.17 | −.13 | −.02 | .01 | −.20 | −.26 | −.05 | −.09 |
| Harm avoidance | −.07 | −.01 | .04 | .08 | −.10 | −.13 | .08 | −.03 |
| Traditionalism | .00 | .03 | .17 | −.02 | −.03 | .07 | −.06 | .03 |
Note. Cell entries are biserial correlations, underlined correlations are significantly different from zero at p < .05. MZ = monozygotic; DZ = dizygotic; OSDZ = opposite-sex dizygotic.