. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 17.

Published in final edited form as: J Abnorm Psychol. 2012 Sep 17;122(1):250–255. doi: 10.1037/a0029999

Table 2.

Genetic and Unique Environmental Correlations Between Big Three Higher-Order and Selected Lower-Order Personality Traits and Disordered Gambling Risk

	Men^a		Women^a		Combined^b
	r_G	r_E	r_G	r_E	r_G	r_E
Big Three higher-order personality dimensions
Positive emotionality	.05 [−.16, .26]	.07 [−.27, .13]	.13 [−.35, .09]	−.06 [−.27, .15]	−.05 [−.20, .11]	−.07 [−.21, .07]
Negative emotionality	.44 [.22, .67]	.21 [.02, .39]	.57 [.37, .76]	.03 [−.16, .22]	.52 [.38, .66]	.15 [.02, .28]
Constraint	.15 [−.12, .42]	−.21 [−.42, .01]	−.25 [−.46, −.04]	−.10 [−.29, .10]	−.12 [−.28, .04]	−.10 [−.24, .04]
Selected lower-order personality dimensions
Stress reaction	.30 [.07, .53]	.25 [.07, .43]	.34 [.10, .57]	.18 [−.01, .37]	.34 [.18, .50]	.21 [.08, .33]
Alienation	.46 [.24, .68]	.08 [−.10, .26]	.58 [.38, .77]	−.13 [−.30, .05]	.53 [.39, .67]	.01 [−.12, .12]
Aggression	.26 [−.02, .54]	.12 [−.06, .31]	.54 [.32, .77]	.02 [−.15, .19]	.46 [.28, .65]	.11 [−.01, .24]
Self-control	−.03 [−.27, .22]	−.20 [−.39, −.04]	−.45 [−.68, −.21]	−.04 [−.22, .14]	−.29 [−.46, −.13]	−.09 [−.21, .04]

Note. Underlined correlations are significantly greater than zero at p < .05; numbers in brackets are 95% confidence intervals.

Includes same-sex twin pairs.

includes same- and unlike-sex twin pairs.