Table 2.
The effect of the intervention and time on primary and secondary outcomes over the intervention period.
| Outcome measures | Model effects | |||||||
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Group | Time | Group × time | |||||
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F test (df) | P value | F test (df) | P value | F test (df) | P value | ||
| Dietary behaviors (FFQ25a) |
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Energy intakeb | 1.07 (1,70) | .30 | 73.30 (2,148) | <.001c | 27.59 (2,148) | <.001c | |
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Macronutrient intakeb |
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Fat | 3.23 (1,70) | .08 | 23.26 (2,148) | <.001c | 7.07 (2,148) | .001c |
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Carbohydrates | 0.08 (1,70) | .78 | 21.78 (2,148) | <.001c | 4.58 (2,148) | .01c |
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Protein | 4.83 (1,70) | .03c | 24.73 (2,148) | <.001c | 5.88 (2,148) | .003c |
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Macronutrients proportion (%) |
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Fatb | 3.91 (1,70) | .05 | 2.01 (2,148) | .14 | 2.56 (2,148) | .08 |
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Carbohydratesb | 4.75 (1,70) | .03c | 1.90 (2,148) | .15 | 1.65 (2,148) | .19 |
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Proteind | 2.67 (1,70) | .11 | 1.76 (2,148) | .17 | 0.16 (2,148) | .85 |
| Physical activity (IPAQe) |
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Totald | 0.04 (1,70) | .84 | 19.38 (2,148) | <.001c | 3.68 (2,148) | .03c | |
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Light intensityf | 0.39 (1,66.83) | .53 | 19.42 (2,133) | <.001j | 1.77 (2,133) | .17 | |
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Moderate intensityg | 0.16 (1,66.65) | .69 | 9.63 (2,139.7) | .001c | 6.84 (2,139.7) | .001c | |
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Vigorous intensityh | 3.87 (1,50.53) | .05 | 0.08 (2,76.37) | .92 | 0.51 (2,76.07) | .60 | |
| Stage of dietary behavior change (SOCi,j) | 3.56 (1,145) | .06 | 6.37 (2,145) | .002c | 27.18 (2,145) | <.001c | ||
| Stage of physical activity change (SOCi) | 2.66 (1,145) | .10 | 6.31 (2,145) | .002c | 47.76 (2,145) | <.001c | ||
| Anthropometric characteristicsb |
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BMI (kg/m²) | 0.47 (1,70) | .50 | 125.40 (2,148) | <.001c | 21.68 (2,148) | <.001c | |
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Waist circumference (cm) | 4.54 (1,70) | .04c | 172.47 (2,148) | <.001c | 44.62 (2,148) | <.001c | |
aFFQ25: simplified food frequency questionnaire 25.
bModel (response variable of gamma distribution with log link) included age, gender, education level, and occupational classification as covariates. Number of observations=228.
cP values represent statistically significant results, P<.05.
dModel (response variable of lognormal distribution with identity link) included age, gender, education level, and occupational classification as covariates. Number of observations=228.
eIPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long version in Chinese).
fModel (response variable of lognormal distribution with identity link) included age, gender, education level, and occupational classification as covariates. Number of observations=213.
gModel (response variable of lognormal distribution with identity link) included age, gender, education level, and occupational classification as covariates. Number of observations=220.
hModel (response variable of lognormal distribution with identity link) included age, gender, education level, and occupational classification as covariates. Number of observations=132.
iModel (response variable of multinomial distribution with cumulative logit link) included age, gender, education level, and occupational classification as covariates. Number of observations=228.
jSOC: Stage of Change.