Table 2.
Clinical data of the cohort, overall and by presence of symptoms
| Overall | IES-R < 24 | IES-R ≥ 24 | p-value | EPDS < 11 | EPDS ≥ 11 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 163 | n = 93 | n = 70 | n = 91 | n = 72 | |||
| First pregnancy (%) | 74 (45.4) | 37 (39.8) | 37 (52.9) | 0.134 | 36 (39.6) | 38 (52.8) | 0.127 |
| Type of birth (%) | 0.577 | 0.353 | |||||
| Vaginal | 78 (47.9) | 45 (48.4) | 33 (47.1) | 43 (47.3) | 35 (48.6) | ||
| Planned caesarean section | 43 (26.4) | 27 (29.0) | 16 (22.9) | 26 (28.6) | 17 (23.6) | ||
| Urgent caesarean section | 32 (19.6) | 17 (18.3) | 15 (21.4) | 19 (20.9) | 13 (18.1) | ||
| Forceps/vacuum | 10 (6.1) | 4 (4.3) | 6 (8.6) | 3 (3.3) | 7 (9.7) | ||
| Perceived support by healthcare staff during childbirth (median [IQR]) | 9 [7, 10] | 10 [8, 10] | 8 [6, 10] | 0.002 | 10 [8, 10] | 8 [6, 10] | 0.002 |
| Pain level during childbirth (median [IQR]) | 8 [2, 9] | 7 [1, 9] | 8 [5, 10] | 0.156 | 7 [0.5, 9] | 8 [5, 10] | 0.036 |
| Breastfeeding (%) | 144 (88.3) | 82 (88.2) | 62 (88.6) | 1.000 | 81 (89.0) | 63 (87.5) | 0.958 |
| Confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 (%) | 5 (3.1) | 3 (3.2) | 2 (2.9) | 1.000 | 1 (1.1) | 4 (5.6) | 0.237 |
| Contact with Covid positive people (%) | 8 (4.9) | 7 (7.5) | 1 (1.4) | 0.156 | 5 (5.5) | 3 (4.2) | 0.980 |
| Relatives/loved ones with a confirmed Covid-19 diagnosis (%) | 21 (12.9) | 13 (14.0) | 8 (11.4) | 0.807 | 11 (12.1) | 10 (13.9) | 0.916 |
| Perceived safety during hospitalization (median [IQR]) | 8 [6;9] | 8 [7, 9] | 7.5 [6, 9] | 0.385 | 8 [7, 9] | 8 [6, 9] | 0.340 |
| Discomfort due to absence of partner | 10 [8, 10] | 10 [8, 10] | 10 [9, 10] | 0.009 | 10 [8, 10] | 10 [8,75, 10] | 0.315 |
| Quiet on the ward related to the absence of visitors | 7 [5, 8.5] | 7 [6, 9] | 6 [4, 8] | 0.005 | 7 [5,9] | 7 [5,8] | 0.42 |
| Time between childbirth and questionnaire completion ≤15 days (%) | 25 (15.3) | 15 (16.1) | 10 (14.3) | 0.917 | 15 (16.5) | 10 (13.9) | 0.812 |
| Attachment style (%) | 0.083 | 0.044 | |||||
| RQ1 | 65 (41.1) | 42 (45.7) | 23 (34.8) | 44 (50.6) | 21 (29.6) | ||
| RQ2 | 60 (38.0) | 37 (40.2) | 23 (34.8) | 30 (34.5) | 30 (42.3) | ||
| RQ3 | 8 (5.1) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (6.1) | 3 (3.4) | 5 (7.0) | ||
| RQ4 | 25 (15.8) | 9 (9.8) | 16 (24.2) | 10 (11.5) | 15 (21.1) |
IES-R denotes Impact of Event Scale-Revised, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, RQ Relationship Questionnaire, IQR Interquartile range