Table 5.
Stratified analysis of the association between combined sleep duration and quality (sleep duration ≥ 8 h and/or poor sleep quality vs. sleep duration <8 h and good/medium sleep quality) with baPWV levels
| Subgroups | N | <8 h and good/medium | ≥8 h and/or poora | Adjusted β (95% CI)b | P for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| baPWV, cm/s Mean (SD) | baPWV, cm/s Mean (SD) | ||||
| Sex | 0.089 | ||||
| Male | 5829 | 1693.9 (320.6) | 1744.9 (348.6) | 26.8 (12.0, 41.5) | |
| Female | 8656 | 1710.6 (338.5) | 1764.4 (348.8) | 6.8 (−4.6, 18.3) | |
| Age, years | 0.427 | ||||
| <65 | 7706 | 1606.4 (282.3) | 1633.3 (292.8) | 17.4 (6.1, 28.7) | |
| ≥65 | 6779 | 1832.8 (347.2) | 1872.9 (357.4) | 22.1 (7.0, 37.3) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.448 | ||||
| <24 | 6079 | 1740.5 (346.3) | 1783.8 (361.9) | 17.6 (2.7, 32.4) | |
| ≥24 | 8366 | 1678.6 (318.6) | 1735.3 (334.6) | 13.0 (1.5, 24.4) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 0.955 | ||||
| <140 | 8944 | 1615.5 (289.6) | 1666.0 (308.6) | 17.7 (6.3, 29.0) | |
| ≥140 | 5421 | 1852.3 (345.0) | 1904.3 (360.0) | 14.4 (−2.5, 31.3) | |
| Current smoking | 0.049 | ||||
| No | 11402 | 1707.7 (336.1) | 1758.3 (345.7) | 9.3 (−0.8, 19.4) | |
| Yes | 3049 | 1689.8 (314.3) | 1751.9 (361.5) | 34.2 (13.7, 54.6) | |
| Current alcohol drinking | 0.130 | ||||
| No | 10760 | 1707.4 (333.9) | 1760.0 (346.7) | 10.4 (0.2, 20.7) | |
| Yes | 3205 | 1693.9 (325.1) | 1751.1 (358.1) | 28.7 (9.4, 47.9) | |
| Physical activity | 0.552 | ||||
| Mild | 6416 | 1757.7 (347.3) | 1820.2 (367.1) | 16.9 (2.3, 31.5) | |
| Moderate | 6047 | 1675.5 (319.1) | 1714.0 (325.6) | 14.2 (0.9, 27.6) | |
| Severe | 2011 | 1631.4 (294.4) | 1660.3 (306.2) | 2.9 (−18.8, 24.7) | |
| TC (mmol/L) | 0.098 | ||||
| <5.2 | 7117 | 1681.4 (321.9) | 1739.1 (347.4) | 23.0 (10.4, 35.5) | |
| ≥5.2 | 7112 | 1727.9 (341.4) | 1774.5 (349.1) | 6.9 (−6.1, 19.8) | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 0.167 | ||||
| <6.1 | 9174 | 1678.2 (320.5) | 1733.1 (341.8) | 18.8 (7.8, 29.9) | |
| ≥6.1 or diabetesc | 5072 | 1753.0 (348.2) | 1799.2 (357.5) | 6.9 (−8.9, 22.6) | |
| tHcy (μmol/L) | 0.400 | ||||
| <12.2 | 7159 | 1663.9 (315.2) | 1714.9 (330.4) | 10.3 (−1.8, 22.4) | |
| ≥12.2 | 7165 | 1746.1 (344.0) | 1795.2 (360.1) | 18.1 (4.6, 31.6) |
baPWV brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity, CI confidence interval
aSleep duration ≥8 h and/or poor sleep quality includes the three groups of sleep duration (≥8 h) and good/medium sleep quality, sleep duration (≥8 h) and poor sleep quality, and sleep duration (<8 h) and poor sleep quality
bEach subgroup analysis adjusted, if not stratified, for age, sex, body mass index, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, total homocysteine (tHcy), creatinine, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, treatment group, and study centers
cDiabetes was defined as fasting serum glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or self-reported use of hypoglycemic agents or insulin, or physician diagnosed diabetes